This proved to be somewhat of a difficult task, for both the PAN candidate (Guanajarto Governor and former Coca-Cola executive Vincent Fox) and the PRD candidate (Mexico City Mayor, Cuautehmoc Cardenas) were strong contenders. He was working for the Sinaloa Cartel. Current events clearly suggest that Mexico appears to be ripe for change. Setting up an undercover laundering operation in Los Angeles in 1995, U.S. agents handled more than $100 million and arrested 168 people, including representatives from three Mexican banks. in a series of arrests of associates of Guzman, the most wanted man in Mexico. Associated Press, "Fox talks economics in Europe tour," 10/2/00, internet. Moore, Molly and John W. Anderson, "Drug trade called greatest threat to Mexico: Zedillo blames high U.S. demand, vows to combat traffickers," Washington Post, 10/23/96, p. 1. In August While a charade may be undertaken to placate the Americans, there is no rational reason for the Mexican government to mount any kind of substantive effort that would inhibit the flow of these much needed dollars. Dedazo, Spanish for "big finger," refers to the closed, secretive method used by seated Mexican presidents to unilaterally designate their own successors (AFP, 2/27/99). On February 11, 2013, El 02 was arrested in Culiacan, Sinaloa. "What is surprising," he writes, "is the open and singularly aggressive demeanor of the Mexican soldiers [who are] on American soil." / 01.05.2023 13:28:00. Most of the Original cartel de durango guys are retired or dead.. most herreras sided with cartel de juarez in the 2000s and got kicked out by CDS around 2011. While auto theft will surely continue to be a problem thereafter, the pressure to steal will likely be somewhat diminished. One month after this assassination, the very progressive and reform oriented Chief of Police of Tijuana, Jose Fredrico Benitez, was murdered. In November of 1991, for example, a United States Customs Service plane trailing a Mexican police plane in pursuit of a plane transporting drugs recorded an extraordinary scene using long range infrared video equipment. AFP, "US certifies Colombia, Mexico, Peru as allies in drug war," 2/27/99, internet. El 03 took over leading the group. While marijuana is still the most popular drug in Mexico, cocaine is no longer far behind, and is now reaching new populations, such as the children and the poor. I felt badly throwing the tiny bit of info up there this AM but that was all there was. In addition, given that financial turmoil has often accompanied changes in the presidency (most recently the above noted Salinas to Zedillo transition), these funds will be able to ease any economic disruptions that may arise during the next transition. Toluco is sierra region(Tepehuanes/Santiago/guanacevi). Generaciones enteras se han baado en Hervideros y disfrutando los beneficios teraputicos del agua termal. Less than two years later, President Madero was removed from office and executed, and the nation plunged into a dark decade of violence. Reuters, "U.S. deploying 1,000 guards to Mexican border," 3/10/98, internet. In the wake of her fathers death, Alma Reyes Guerra chose to take his place, running for mayor in his stead. From Jerez, most immigrants gravitate toward Los Angeles, Chicago and San Antonio. 'You can't knock on a door in this city (Jerez) without finding one of us who has a cousin, an uncle, a friend, a brother we all have someone there. It is suggested that the dramatic drug use increase is due in part to the same factors long identified in the United States - increases in immigration, the increase in the unemployment rate, low wages, a rise in the number of teenage parents, lack of education, and breakdown of the home (AFP, 7/4/99). Many have suggested, on the basis of vast circumstantial evidence though there is still no hard evidence, that this flow of "cannabis cash" reaches up to the office of the Mexican president. To some extent, the matter was lost to the press and public during the American presidential campaign. its "Heroin Highway," a drug trafficking network that stretched from These new laws reorganization efforts have come much too late to avert the present crisis however. "These (auto-theft) bands operate on both sides of the border without problem," noted Phil Jordon, former DEA official and former head of the El Paso Intelligence Center (Reuters, 1/6/98). President Zedillo himself has even admitted taking money from Peniche, but the details are not clear (AFP, 5/30/99). Chapter 8 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, with its many amendments, requires the President to annually inform Congress as to whether or not major drug producing and drug transit countries are cooperating with the United States in the drug war, or have taken adequate steps on their own to meet the goals of the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. They arent involved like before but im sure if they need to pull some strings they can. We do not want criminal organizations to understand precisely how we are organizing or what our manpower will be." After all Durango has not had elections in the past 15 or more years since this guy has been operating correct?Finally elections comming up after all these years and now a capture.You sure are smart dude. President Fox has expanded his vision, calling for a coordinated Latin American war against drugs trafficking (Associated Press, 10/9/00). Moore, Molly and John W. Anderson, "Diminished U.S. role below border plays into traffickers' hands," Washington Post, 9/8/96, p. A1. that "old man" makes some good shit.. ;). Commenting on the move to the meth market, Constantine indicated: "The shiftwas a brilliant business decision by these organizations. As United States Customs officials watched, Mexican army personnel proceeded to kill all seven Mexican police officers as they attempt to seize the drugs. 1988, the Mexican leaders of the organization, Jaime Herrera-Nevarez, Sr., and The booming American economy has also spawned tens of thousands of low-paying service jobs that are readily and happily filled by migrants, anxious to seek a better life and/or to support struggling families back home. The Felix-Arellano brothers of the Tijuana cartel, for example, openly employ off duty (and perhaps a few on-duty) state police as their body guards. Western Union records. There will be no public interest in ridding Mexico of the cartels, at least until a replacement for the lost $40 billion can be found. Fuentes was very tight with Jorge Hank, Jr. Jorge Hank, Sr. is one of the most powerful men in the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), the Mexican national party. Reuters, "U.S., Mexico sign agreements," 5/6/97, internet. Former Gulf Cartel king-pin Garcia-Abrego, for example, even publically noted the audacity of the Salinas administration coming after him after he arranged with Raul Salinas to have two anti-Salinas candidates killed. In September 1977, DEA agents at JFK Airport This grand alliance was the first of its kind in the history of modern Mexico, and it toppled a long-reigning government. Also voicing strong opinions against re-certification of Mexico was the Chair of the House of International Relations Committee, Republican Congressman Benjamin Gilman. Paternostro, Silvana, "Mexico as a narco-democracy," World Policy Journal, Vol 12(1), Spring 1995, pp. Toluco needs to tighten up his own use lol. It is estimated that collectively, commanding officers in the Mexican law enforcement community may have taken in up to $315 million pesos ($31.5 million) over the past several years (AFP, 8/4/99). This occurred only hours before Tavia was to propose a plan to the Attorney General to purge the regional police of corrupt officers. If the eradication of the cartels is the goal, our interdiction efforts can be classified as an utter failure. There is very little grass-roots opposition to the cartels among the Mexican people. Una tradicin del norte del pas. Will the Colombian narco-terrorist groups realize success in their current struggles against the seated government? Numerous case studies provide support for this mistrust. AFP, "Mexican president testifies in Colosio murder case," 8/5/99, internet. Moore, Molly, "Vast Mexico drug car crackdown targets top officials," Washington Post, 4/8/99, p. A21. Population Population pyramid Many attendees presumed that they were being introduced to one of the main financiers of his political campaigns., After the gracious introduction, El G1 took the floor and, in a threatening and arrogant manner, told those present not to be stupid and to remember that the positions they held -in one way or another- had been won thanks to him. On April 1, 1997, a new and much tougher immigration law went into effect - that date has been called "Black Tuesday" in Mexico (Reuters, 4/17/97), and it has had long repercussions for many, many Mexican families. Of all the towns in the municipality, it occupies the number #4 in terms of number of inhabitants. million dollars at the beginning of the chain of illegal sale. Despite American law enforcement undertakings through the mid-1990s, the Mexican cartels managed to consolidate their power bases, gained some control over the media, co-opted government officials at every level on a wholesale basis, and even killed a number of local and national government leaders. ranches located just outside Culiacan for production of this drug, where he Nowhere was corruption been more blatant than in the administration of former Mexican President Carlos Salinas, generally recognized as Mexico's favorite person to deride (AFP, 6/14/99). Among other functions, they select their successors to the Office of President, approve legislative and state gubernatorial candidates (de-facto appointments), select the attorney general, select high-ranking military officials, select supreme court justices, select the head of the PRI Central Executive Committee (the de-facto ruling body of Mexico), and regularly by-pass the legislature and issue executive decrees or orders ("reglamentos") that have the effect of law. More particularly, one party began to publicly accuse the other of being corrupt. As the Panama Canal changes ownership in the coming months, American military presence and the accompanying airborne surveillance efforts in Central America will become diminished. He claimed he was certain the culprit was his chief bodyguard, who was arrested but later had the charges dismissed. There were two factions to this group, but they came together under Fuentes, who by 1997 was grossing as much as $200 million a week. This point warrants reiteration. That operation was shut down in May of 1993 however. To avoid a complete economic meltdown, the Mexican government was forced to bailout the failed banks. That amount could yield 136 tons of meth, and would be enough to supply 12.4 million users with three, 10 milligram doses a day for a year. The result of this episode was a total re-assessment in Washington D.C. Al Lowe, head of the El Paso County Auto Theft Task Force has indicated, "One of the biggest problems in this region is the proliferation of these auto theft rings associated with narco-traffickers" (Reuters, 1/6/98). The Colombians were forced to smuggle increasing amounts of cocaine into the United States through Mexico. The other syndicates generally do not contend with the Herrera clan. In May of 1998, numerous Mexican bankers were arrested by U.S. officials during Operation Casablanca, a law enforcement effort involving over 200 undercover U.S. Customs agents (Farah, 1998). In June of 1999, 9,908 migrants were arrested, more than twice the number of arrests made in June of 1996. The majority of the Mexican meth trade has been controlled by a Guadalajara-based organization run by the Amezcua brothers; Jesus and Luis. Christian Science Monitor, "U.S.-Mexico united to take bite out of crime," 2/3/98, internet. In his suicide note of September 1999, former Deputy Attorney General Mario Massieu indicated that President Zedillo was involved in the killing (AFP, 9/17/99). The Caribbean routes were used, but so were routes through Mexico. Cooperative law enforcement efforts surface as another option to consider. Texcoco,this guy isnt related to the Herreras from Durango,hes from a town close to Culiacan.He started in the business in the late late 80s early 90s in San Diego.Thats where he learned to process meth,In Americas one time meth capitol of the world.He's NOT from Durango or Michoacan. With the prospect of delay, an elaborate system of bribery will be developed to facilitate the movement of legal commodities over the border swiftly, and this cost will increase the cost of doing business in America. Malherve was released from jail on a technicality a few weeks after the United States certification was finalized (Brant, 1997). 4. Former Deputy Attorney General Javier Coello Trejo was accused of accepting $1.5 million per month by a policeman who testified during the trial of Garcia-Abrego in Houston. As noted in the body of this paper, the most dominant terrorist groups seem to be the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) who have a combined force of some 20,000 members. AFP, "The Mexican 'finger' is a myth, former presidents say," 2/27/99, internet. Opium is grown in the state of Durango, which explains to a large degree why they got into and stayed in that business. There is, however, some concrete evidence of growing cooperative efforts between local law enforcement entities on both sides of the border. 1978, the Chicago Herreras were grossing $60 million a year and had established cut demand for illegal goods and services. Associated Press, "Mexican poll: Cops mistrusted," 9/17/96, internet. Will they turn more attention to local drug sales and begin to tap into its own people, at the risk of attracting the ire of the local populous for the first time and ultimately the Mexican government itself? Congress has yet to override any Presidential certification decision. Additionally, two other candidate hopefuls pulled out of the preliminaries as soon as Labastida announced his candidacy. A March 1997 New York Times article detailed the Fuentes connection with governors of at least two Mexican states - Morelos and Sonora (Reuters, 2/16/97). Associated Press, "U.S. should accept more blame for drugs, Mexico's Fox says," 11/27/00, internet. Interestingly, Prevoisin readily admits to having withdrawn millions of dollars from AeroMexico accounts, but claims he did so as ordered by then President Carols Salinas, who instructed Prevoisin to "donate" the funds to the PRI party's 1994 election campaign (AFP, 9/24/99). AFP, "Mexicans want next president to come from the opposition: survey," 9/1/99, internet. In August of 1999, 26 police commanders were charged with forcing new officers to forfeit 35 percent of their salaries back to their commander (AFP, 8/4/99). , the Cabrera brothers started out initially focused on marijuana planting and cultivation in the mountainous area of the state of Durango. They quickly began working under Joaquin Guzman, El Chapo, and Ismael Zambada, El Mayo, of the Sinaloa Cartel. organization for a year. If so, will they settle for a share of the drug trade or will they attempt to develop a monopoly in the North and South American drug trafficking markets? Ballesteros (currently serving a life sentence in United States for drug trafficking), introduced a number of Mexican cartel leaders to one of the founders of the Medellin Cartel, Rodriguez Gacha (killed by police in 1989). They grew up in the small town of Vasco Gil, in the state of Durango. 7-8. Christian Science Monitor, "Holes open in US drug-fighting net," 7/28/99, internet. AFP, "Terrorism, drug trafficking named new threats for west," 10/19/00, internet. An important Sinaloa Cartel - Los Cabreras figure named Gerardo Soberanes Ortiz, alias "El G1", was arrested in Durango. There it was either sold locally or distributed to other U.S. cities. This dude from that family. Prominent Mexican news mogul Armando Sepulveda, has said that the media now enjoys "freedom of expression, but the press still does not know how to use it"(Associated Press, 10/31/00). These numbers would suggest that the flow is far beyond what the Beta Group can handle. Herrera organization. (Reuters, 4/17/97) The result of the new immigration law has been a marked increase in the people smuggling trade. Excelsior editors sold themselves and their newspaper to the PRI in the late 1920s, and as a result, Excelsior emerged in the 1930s as Mexico's national paper. By 1997, many new, small organizations were jumping into the cocaine market in Colombia. Associated Press, "Former Mexican prosector indicted," 8/27/99, internet. This purge brought the total number of officers dismissed from the Federal Judicial Police force between December of 1994 (when Lozano took office) and August of 1996 to 1,250, constituting 22 percent of the force. wasn't his dad hard line against any use. AFP, "Opposition alliance would win Mexican election in 2000: survey," 7/29/99, internet. The commutative handling of such cases has raised questions about the legitimacy Mexican attorney general's work and about the operation and efficiency of the Mexican judicial system in general (Christian Science Monitor, 5/23/99). 6. International extradition treaties need to be developed among countries that lack such agreements. Since 1990, the number of United States attorneys in the region has gone up 80 percent; the budget for the United States Customs Service has increased by 72 percent since 1993 (McCaffrey, 1997). Constantine, Thomas A., Testimony before the United States Congress, 2/27/97, internet. A number of human rights groups have become involved, and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace recently issued a report that was critical of both governments. In February 2022, the highly-regarded news publication EME-EQUIS reported on documents they received, leaked from an Army intelligence investigation into Durango politicians involved in organized crime. The former president and his brother, Raul Salinas, fled Mexico in 1996, at the end of Carlos' term in office. At best, we are fighting a holding action. @ anon February 14, 2012 5:54 PM & February 14, 2012 2:47 PM,you are both wrong,dont pretend to know this guy.Jaime Herrera Herrera is 100% Sinaloense,& no,he is not from Culiacan either.Hes not far from there though,but not Culiacan!This man learned his trait from a guy from Guanajuato by the name of Efrain back in late 91 early 92 in the San Diego mountains.So please "Know-it-alls",it only shows your stupidity. As mentioned previously, in a positive context, the Mexican banking regulatory agencies have since been reorganized and other banking industry rules have been instituted in hopes of avoiding such a crisis in the future (AFP, 9/21/99). This group formed as a response to the Colombian government's inability to successfully deal with the left-wing entities. I am ill today, so could search further so this helps, I will try and translate and post..@6:17 still looking for the vid and thank you, i did go into the DEA history archives and pulled good info about the organization, they are huge and good businessmen with longevity.I am posting it now as an add on, They once had 90% of the chicago heroin. Jaime Population coming from outside the State of Durango: Percentage speaking an indigenous language: Percentage who speak an indigenous language and do not speak Spanish: Employed population over 12 years (women): Dwellings with toilet or sanitary facilities: Households with personal computer, laptop or tablet. AFP, "Mexico lacks sufficient resources in fighting drugs: top US official," 6/3/99, internet. This will especially be the case if the gap between the developed nations and under-developed nations continues to expand. He owned hotels, real estate and an air taxi service in Texas, and even more extensive holdings in Mexico including newspapers, hotels, construction firms, lumber companies, moving businesses, ranches, real estate (Reuters, 9/29/96). I was not trying to cover all the cartel groups in Durango or Comarca Lagunera. Less than 36 hours before the deadline, Mexican officials miraculously captured the head of the Gulf Cartel, Oscar Malherve, and publicly burned a ton of equally as miraculously recently captured cocaine. There is no denying the need for such multi-national cooperative law enforcement efforts, but such undertakings alone will not be effective. "These are just isolated cases of smugglers reacting to increased patrols," said Carlos Luna Herrera, regional coordinator of Grupo Beta (AP, 7/28/99). For the first time, they are bringing large quantities of cocaine into the Mexican market. The Mexican people, as well as the Mexican government, corporate and civic institutions all operate with a deeply imbedded paternalistic-aristocratic political culture that pre-dates the Spanish. Under them is said to be three main lieutenants, Abelardo Daz Valdez, aliases "El Avestruz" and El Ostruz, Ezequiel Ruacho Valles, alias "El Toluco. AFP, "Ex-AeroMexico chief in Mexico after extradition from Switzerland," 9/24/99, internet. He had left the Colombians in the dust. In the summer of 1999, a U.S. spy plane crashed in Colombia, bringing some measure of publicity to this unfolding drama (see generally, Hammer and Isikoff, 1999). on prior indictments in Miami, Florida. By the time they returned with more firepower, the Mexican military personnel had finished their business and driven back across the border. AFP, "Mexican opposition unites to oust long-ruling party," 8/4/99, internet. AFP, "Zedillo admits to taking money from banker accused of fraud," 5/30/99, internet. Anxious to make the sale and knowing that the money orders are legitimate (ie., the dealership will get its money), the financial paper is accepted and the car is sold. President Fox has continued to seek American cooperation/assistance in the drug wars, but sensing its lowered priority in the Ameican political agenda, he has turned his attention southward and called for a unified Latin American effort to deal with the trafficking. (Constantine, 1997). Her testimony about the meeting is likely a major reason why the Army chose to investigate Mayor Enrquez Herrera years later, in 2020. He was then transferred to a plane which flew him to Mexico City, where he is now. Consider the following strategies: 1. AFP, "Mexico's ruling party approves primary rules," 6/14/99, internet. Los Herreras is at 281 meters above sea level and is located in the east-central part of the state. officials say they've arrested a man who manufactured methamphetamine for the On July 23, 1985, as a Despite an abundance of evidence, no illegal or unethical activity was found to be present by an investigative panel of Mexican authorities.
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