Economic Botany. 1CERES Research School, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, NL-6706 Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2CIMAC, Centro de Investigaciones de Medio Ambiente de Camagey, Cuba. The Haitian herbalist and her Ozark counterpart share a similarity: they both gather and use herbs because of necessity. Otherwise, they live in hospices either in Camagey or in smaller cities and villages. Original music by Dan Powell and . The rapid disappearance of Haitian migrants' traditional culture due to integration and urbanization suggests that unrecorded ethnomedicinal information may be lost forever. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the We will present and discuss data about: 1) traditional remedies, their uses, and preparation, 2) traditional practices and beliefs related to these uses, and 3) changes and adaptation of Haitian medicinal knowledge with emigration and integration over time. Google Scholar. Although its roots grow downwards, the plant itself can grow up to 1.5 meters high, with long and thin leaves and brownish/golden flowers. Back to Eden, 1939. Conversely, Justicia pectoralis, reported by Haitians only as a component of one mixture, is widely used and reported by Cubans for its sedative effects [15,19]. For example, three shoots of Mangifera indica are boiled and the remedy is drunk in three different cups to treat empacho, a digestive problem; three leaves of Cissampelos pareira are split into half and three halves are boiled in the case of fever; an infusion made from three whorls or tops of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis is prepared and given to children in the morning on an empty stomach as an anthelmintic; the decoction of three leaves of Momordica charantia must be drunk for three days, and the seeds of the same plant are ingested one on the first day, two on the second, and three on the third, and so on for seven days. Nowadays Haitians are mostly integrated into mainstream Cuban society, although many of them maintain a small-scale farming and livestock production as a base for their livelihoods. The research led to the identification of 123 different plant species used for medicinal purposes by Haitians and their descendants in the Province of Camagey. Phillis has sold medicinal herbs since the age of 9, when she helped her mother. Haitian empirical medicine sprang from both European (16th to 19th century) and African (especially voodoo) traditional therapies. FOIA Afrikanische Arzneipflanzen und Jagdgifte Chemie, Pharmakologie, Toxikologie. GV, DG, AB, and AB carried out interviews and collected data in the field. (Laguerre, 68) By a mental process Laguerre terms cognitive mapping, Haitians seem to have a highly developed instinctual sense of their bodies, their circulatory systems particularly. During the period 19001930, more than half a million Haitians entered the country legally or illegally [6, 7]. Psidium guajava as an anthelmintic). GV, DG, AB, and AB carried out interviews and collected data in the field. 105 e/ngel y Pobre, Camagey, Cuba. Trusted Source. The practice of using herbal baths both as physical and spiritual medicine is similar to other ethnic groups [37,38]; as well, baths are very important in general in traditional health systems based on Afro-American religions [39], and their use among Haitians can be regarded at the same time as magical, spiritual, and medicinal. and Bidens pilosa are added to treat congestions of the respiratory system, whereas 'hot' plants (e.g. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants commercialized in the markets of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia. De Smet PAGM: Traditional pharmacology and medicine in Africa. Also, cricket's (genus Acheta and Neoconocaephalus) legs are boiled in water and the decoction is then drunk by children and older people who have urination problems. Most of those interviewed are elderly people living in remote rural areas; they often live alone since, because of their age, their husbands and wives have passed away and their children, if any, have migrated mainly to major Cuban cities (e.g. An ethnobotanical investigation was conducted to collect information on medicinal plant use by Haitian immigrants and their descendants in the Province of Camagey, Cuba. Brutus TC, Pierre-Noel AV: Les plantes et legumes d'Haiti qui guerrissent. What I found was that even though Haiti has many native tropical plants that are used medicinally, quite a few of the same medicinal plants grow there that do in the Ozarks. To gain further insights, we qualitatively compared our results with those reported in other Cuban ethnobotanical studies [18, 19, 42, 49] and especially with the work of Beyra et al. Once in the field, we asked for the help of the local government officers responsible for health (doctors or nurses from the local hospital) to determine whether there were any elderly Haitians living in the locality and precisely where. Traveling Plants and Cultures. Among first generation migrants, twenty are originally from the cities of Les Cayes (Creole name Okai) and Port Salut (Creole name Posal), in the South of Haiti, whereas four lived in or near Port-au-Prince. In some Caribbean grocery stores and health food stores,cerasee is sold in tea bags or dried. Datura is a powerful psychoactive plant, found in West Africa as well as other tropical areas and used there in ritual as well as criminal activities. most plants used in Haiti were also available in Cuba), and to the cultivation of medicinal plants in the new environment. The complexity of practices related to traditional posology is rarely investigated in ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies. CERES Research School, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, NL-6706, Wageningen, the Netherlands, CIMAC, Centro de Investigaciones de Medio Ambiente de Camagey, Cuba. Rowe and Francis are both Jamaican. Freshly picked mint from the backyard will ease the pain. Johns T: The Origins of Human Diet and Medicine. Produced by Will Reid and Michael Simon Johnson. Baths are the second more important category of means of application at almost 16% of the total. [14], while some other information can be found in James et al. GV drafted the manuscript. Chemical Ecology. Among the shared ethnobotanical practices is also the preparation of miel de gira with the pulp of the fruit of Crescentia cujete. PubMed volume5, Articlenumber:16 (2009) A Haitian carnival takes place every year in Santiago de Cuba, and a Creole radio program is broadcasted nationally [13]. 1984, 10: 1-39. Of concern to Haitians are the coloration, volume, quantity, directionality, temperature and purity of their blood. 1957, La Habana: Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural Colegio La Salle 10, P. Fernndez and Ca, Alain H: Flora de Cuba. [14]. Its not even like cod liver oil. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data also suggest that culturally relevant plants (those cited by more informants and with a greater number of uses) are often used in different qualitative ways by migrants and hosts. Scientific name, botanical family, vernacular Cuban and Haitian name(s), voucher specimen number, part(s) used, preparation, use(s), and frequency of mention are reported for 123 plant species used for medicinal purposes. Edited by: Pieroni A, Price LL. Cabrera L: El Monte. Weniger B, Rouzier M, Daguilh R, Henrys D, Henrys JH, Anton R. La medecine populaire dans le Plateau Central d'Haiti. In its basic preparation, the inner mass is cooked, triturated, and then stirred, sometimes being left one night outside of the house before stirring. Article around Central Brasil, Minas in the North of the Province and Central Haiti in the South). Ethnomedicinal knowledge of Haitian immigrants in Cuba presents no exception [14]. 1985, 497-509. Topical application as a pomade or plaster is used in 10% of the remedies, while frictioning, preferred with preparations for rheumatisms and arthritis, accounts for two per cent. The study of Haitian immigrants' traditional medicine in this context not only represents an interesting case about medicinal plant use, but also records knowledge that is rapidly disappearing with the death of older Haitian migrants. The most frequently used species are Chenopodium ambrosioides, Cissus verticillata, Cocos nucifera, Crescentia cujete, Cymbopogon citratus, Lippia alba, Momordica charantia, Pimenta dioica, Portulaca oleracea, Psidium guajava, and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. These mixtures can be more or less complex, ranging from a concoction of two plants to complex preparations with different species. [15] and in other studies about traditional Cuban medicine [18,42], their use among Cubans is not as widespread or as differentiated as among Haitian descendants. Traveling cultures and plants The ethnobiology and ethnopharmacy of migrations. This figure is based on a comparison with data from another province that also absorbed much Haitian migration to Cuba, the Province of Guantanamo [13]. Consuming 2 or three Echinacea pills two times a day can relieve serious frustrations and also other sorts of migraines. Haitian ethnobotanical practices related to traditional posology often follow cosmological/ritual numbers, both for plant quantities and timing of administration. Traditional and ritual plant posology should be investigated in more depth in ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies in order to understand their relation with medicinal plant efficacy and toxicity. Ed. Immigration was a key factor in the plans for economic reconstruction after the War of Independence against Spain, and West Indians entered Cuba as cheap labour required to cut sugarcane [8]. [http://www.aaanet.org/committees/ethics/ethcode.htm], Len H: Flora de Cuba. I think the reason I was unable to find any mention of them in Haiti was because of the complete dissimilarity in climate. Pieroni A, Vandebroek I, Eds: Traveling Plants and Cultures. Today's Cubans rely for food and medicine on a mixed culture that draws upon wisdom originating mainly from Indian, African, Spanish, and Antillean ethnic groups [15]. The incorporation of local remedies into their own pharmacopoeia occurred as a consequence of factors such as cultural contacts and exchanges between Haitians and Cubans and of personal experimentation or imitation of local practices by migrants. Neuwinger HD: Afrikanische Arzneipflanzen und Jagdgifte. So, Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus often appear in the corpus of ethnobotanical knowledge of African origin in Cuba [14,51], and Erythroxylum havanense and Chiococca alba are among the main ingredients of multi-herbal preparations used as a medicinal remedy in Eastern Cuba as well as a spiritual remedy in Afro-Cuban religions [19,34]. Given the availability of medicinal plants in the surrounding environment, for some species at least, the use of fresh plants may present the advantage of preserving more active compounds and consequently enhancing their absorption and effectiveness. [14], while some other information can be found in James et al. 2005, 102: 69-88. 1. leaves applied to the forehead to treat headache). Medicinal plants and cultural variation across Dominican Rural, Urban, and Transnational Landscapes. A list of medicinal plants was published by Brutus and Pierre-Noel (1960). Cookies policy. Cerasse vine intertwined with other plants growing in Cacheta Francis' North Miami Beach backyard. The vervain plant is a lesser-known herbal remedy, but it has a lengthy history of medicinal use when it comes to a variety of systems in the body . Herbal Index. Map of Cuba with the Province of Camagey. Momordica charantia, Solanum americanum and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis are among those species most cited by Haitians in this study. Throughout the field study, the ethical guidelines adopted by the American Anthropological Association [27] were followed. The resulting juice is then mixed with sugar and/or bee's honey and sometimes a small amount of rum, and drunk/eaten for problems of the respiratory system (asthma, catarrh), of the digestive system (stomach pains, intestinal parasites), and of the female reproductive apparatus (infertility) [19]. Haiti is one of the leading producers of vetiver in the world. Have a sore throat? Therefore, a medical syncretism of sorts must have occurred. Inventory of medicinal plants used by Haitian immigrants and their descendants in the Province of Camagey, Cuba. In these contexts, the main forces that drive change in the cultural domain of traditional medicinal knowledge are: (1) the adaptation of the original knowledge to the new (host) environment (through substitution of no longer accessible traditional remedies with locally available ones, and the incorporation of remedies from the host culture into migrants' own pharmacopoeia); and (2) the development of strategies to obtain the original remedies (through cultivation, gathering, or marketing of the original remedies, and the development of social networks that link migrants to relatives and friends in the place of origin) [47,48]. The hairs of the fruit of this plant contain formic acid and mucunain, which are so toxic that they were used as homicidal poisons in Africa [40,41]. Volpato G, Godnez D: Medicinal foods in Cuba: Promoting health in the household. 10.1016/0378-8741(86)90070-X. With Nina Feldman. statement and Google Scholar. Part of 2. 2002, Camagey, Cuba: Editorial cana. Comisin Nacional de Nombres Geogrficos: Diccionario Geogrfico de Cuba. More emphasis is given, though to its calming and sedative effects than its purifying. At the same time, posology is embedded in specific rituals that are performed during the preparation of the remedies, which on the one hand serve to memorize the proper dose, especially when dealing with toxic allelochemicals, and on the other hand contribute to the efficacy of the remedy by invoking supernatural forces and entities related to those rituals and numbers. Haitians were concentrated in the sugarcane and coffee areas of the former provinces of Oriente and Camagey (Figure (Figure1).1). following Len [28], Len and Alain [2931] and Alain [32, 33]. In North Miami Beach, Audrey Rowe stopped by her friend Cacheta Francis house to pick some cerasee growing in the backyard. In Michel Laguerre's book he tells of a Haitian woman who makes herself ill by eating the head of a turkey. Hernndez J, Volpato G: Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of eastern Cuba. Among the peoples of African origin who settled in Cuba throughout the centuries, Haitians played an important role shaping Cuban culture and traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. Remedies prepared by heating plant parts in fire (four per cent) are mostly used for topical applications (e.g. Google Scholar. In Haiti, Voodoo priests, or hougans, use homemade remedies consisting of herbs and exotic plants to cure patients. Other medicinal uses reported in this study and also commonly found in the Cuban pharmacopoeia include the use of the aerial parts of Cissus verticillata for respiratory problems, of the young fruit of Cocos nucifera and the leaves of Portulaca oleracea for intestinal parasites, of the bark and the leaves of Mangifera indica for gastrointestinal and respiratory problems respectively. We identified about twenty species more or less currently used by the women . Anales del Jardn Botnico de Madrid. Fuentes V. Sobre la medicina tradicional en Cuba. The sour . Voodoo, a traditional religion, is widely known for this hybrid form of care. 10.1007/BF00052650. Pieroni A, Mnz H, Akbulut M, Baser KHC, Durmuskahya C. Traditional phytotherapy and transcultural pharmacy among Turkish immigrants living in Cologne, Germany. Fuentes V: Sobre la medicina tradicional en Cuba. Therefore, herbs are the medicine of choice and necessity. Consuming 2 or three Echinacea capsules twice a day can soothe extreme frustrations as well as other kinds . In this context, traditional ethnobotanical practices are sometimes reconstituted as part of Haitian culture [14]. Beyra A, Len M, Iglesias E, Ferrndiz D, Herrera R, Volpato G, Godinez D, Guimarais M, Alvarez R: Estudios etnobotnicos sobre plantas medicinales en la provincia de Camagey (Cuba). For example, three shoots of Mangifera indica are boiled and the remedy is drunk in three different cups to treat empacho, a digestive problem; three leaves of Cissampelos pareira are split into half and three halves are boiled in the case of fever; an infusion made from three whorls or tops of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis is prepared and given to children in the morning on an empty stomach as an anthelmintic; the decoction of three leaves of Momordica charantia must be drunk for three days, and the seeds of the same plant are ingested one on the first day, two on the second, and three on the third, and so on for seven days. Haitian with a dried fruit of Abelmoschus esculentus from his homegarden (G. Volpato). Volpato G, Godnez D. Medicinal foods in Cuba: Promoting health in the household. Very, very, very bitter. Background: Haitian migrants played an important role shaping Cuban culture and traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. Before the advent of modern medicine, women had to rely on herbal cures for a variety of ailments and symptoms associated with their reproductive symptoms. Especially over the last decade, Haitians in Cuba have begun to rediscover their roots and revitalize their traditional culture by forming Haitian associations and groups and celebrating festivals and other events. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2001, 55: 9-13. Williams. Anne Myriam Bolivar/GPJ Haiti . Additional file 1 lists the plant species cited by informants in alphabetical order according to their scientific name, along with their botanical families, vernacular Cuban and Haitian names (as reported by informants during the fieldwork), voucher specimen numbers, parts used, preparation of the remedies, medicinal use, and frequency of mention. 10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00031-2. This is where I come when Im sick and I really need some old-time herbs, she said. The site is secure. 1988, Universidad de La Habana, Tesis de grado de Candidato a Doctor en Ciencias Biolgicas. Although in the recent past there has been an increase in ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal investigations in Cuba [1519], these have generally not paid attention to the specific ethnic knowledge that immigrants have contributed to traditional Cuban medicine. She learned from her mother, who learned from her mother, who learned from her mother and so on. 1960, Port-au-Prince: Imprimerie de L'etat, Leon R: Phytotherapie Haitienne; Nos simple. Interviews were conducted in Spanish after first explaining the aims of the study. 2006, Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 213-235. (Jordan, 726) Nonetheless, catnip is such a good all-purpose herb it is no surprise that it shares equal popularity in Haiti as it does in the hill country of Missouri and Arkansas. Eating and Healing: Traditional Food as Medicine. They brought plants and they brought their collective memories. 1998, 32: 57-62. Still, cerasee is in demand, especially for Caribbean transplants now living here in South Florida. You can drink that one over there named King of the Forest, she said. Haitian's knowledge about plants seems to comprehend and deal with toxic allelochemicals through specific posological practices. 10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0381:EOPATC]2.0.CO;2. The ethnic and cultural composition of contemporary Caribbean populations are the result of historical population movements through the slave trade and inter-island migration and of the legacy of the different ethnicities involved in the process of national identity formation. The use of medicinal herbs is highly developed. Camagey is the largest province in Cuba, at 15,615 km2, corresponding to 14.3% of the nation's territory. They are persistent. About 40% of the total population of the province lives in the city of Camagey; almost 200,000 people live in rural areas. Traditional Haitian medicine retained an important role in healthcare and cultural practices soon after immigration, when Haitian livelihoods were based on work in the sugarcane fields, on the surrounding environment, and on their knowledge about that environment. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The relatively high figure for alcoholic maceration (8.7%) is due to the number of plants that are reported to be soaked in rum and used in the preparation of a medicinal and ritual Haitian drink called tifey [14]. Among first generation migrants, twenty are originally from the cities of Les Cayes (Creole name Okai) and Port Salut (Creole name Posal), in the South of Haiti, whereas four lived in or near Port-au-Prince. Medicinal plants used by Haitian immigrants and their descendants in the Province of Camagey, Cuba. Abstract. There are many varieties such as peppermint, spearmint, lemonmint and horsemint. Before As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. 2000, La Habana, Cuba: Centro de Antropologa-CEISIC-Centro Juan Marinello, Espronceda ME: Parentesco, inmigracin y comunidad. 1998, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba: Editorial Oriente, Creole Language and Culture: Part of Cuba's Cultural Patrimony. Among these, there are plants that are important medicinals for Haitians, such as Artemisia absinthium, Phyllanthus procerus, and Priva lappulacea, as well as culturally relevant Haitian food plants that are also used in the realm of traditional medicine, such as Abelmoschus esculentus, Cajanus cajan, Corchorus siliquosus, and Xanthosoma sagittifolium, and some species used for ritual and religious baths such as Allophylus cominia, Alpinia speciosa, and Vitex trifolia. During the decades after emigration, the original Haitian ethnomedicinal knowledge progressively changed and adapted to the new environment, maintaining cultivation and use of important medicinal plants, incorporating plants and uses from the host Cuban culture, and diffusing specific plant uses to Cubans in contact with Haitian communities. To gain further insights, we qualitatively compared our results with those reported in other Cuban ethnobotanical studies [18,19,42,49] and especially with the work of Beyra et al. Voucher specimens were deposited at the CIMAC herbarium in Camagey (HACC). One that I ran across in my research that is very interesting and pertinent to this subject is quassia, or bitterwood. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal In today's Video Wilnise Francois will be sharing some of her favorite Haitian Traditional Plants.Wilnise Francois is a Haitian-American Licensed Nurse and H. [http://www.afrocubaweb.com/haiticuba.htm#creole]. Viladrich A: Between bellyaches and lucky charms. More than 50% of the mixtures are used to treat afflictions of the respiratory system. Hernndez J, Volpato G. Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of eastern Cuba. (Kloss, 300; Laguerre, 30). Besides single medicinal plants, informants also reported 22 herbal mixtures that are mostly prepared as a concoction of plants or plant parts and ingested. Afro-Caribbean pharmacopoeia is that body of knowledge and practices around medicinal plants which finds its origins in the cultures of African slaves brought to the Caribbean [50]. Cultura haitiana en Esmeralda. The use of medicinal herbs is highly developed. Prior to that date, many documents on the French colonies carry some mention of Haitian ethnobotany. Some touristic infrastructures (notably in Camagey city and Santa Luca beach) have been developed in the last decade [26]. [25]). She learned from her mother, who learned from her mother, who learned from her mother and so on. Correspondence to The Origins of Human Diet and Medicine Chemical Ecology. the use of Dichrostachys cinerea as antidiarrhoeic) or incomplete imitation of local practices. The plants cited were photographed, collected with the informants during the interviews, and identified by authors (D.G., A.B., A.B.) Specifically, I was looking for ginseng and goldenseal, both highly sought for their curative properties. The plant pops up all over South Florida, especially when it rains. 10.1016/j.jep.2003.10.012. People who migrated in the 1920s generally sailed to eastern Cuba looking for jobs on the sugarcane plantations to improve their living conditions and support their families in Haiti. Among those plants with shared uses are species that are widely used in Cuban pharmacopoeia such as Bidens pilosa, Boldoa purpuracens, Phyla scaberrima, Pluchea carolinensis, and Rheedia aristata, whose medicinal uses may have partly been adopted by migrants, as well as medicinal plants that are common to the Caribbean pharmacopoeia whose use Haitians and Cubans shared prior to migration: examples include the use of Cecropia schrebiana as an anticatarrhal; of Carica papaya, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Psidium guajava to treat intestinal parasites; of Lepidium virginicum as a carminative and diuretic; and of Zingiber officinale to treat colds, catarrh, and rheumatic pains. Today's Cubans rely for food and medicine on a mixed culture that draws upon wisdom originating mainly from Indian, African, Spanish, and Antillean ethnic groups [1-5]. Vetiver, Chrysopogon zizanioides, is a perennial grass native to India, where it is known as khus or the oil of tranquility, but it is produced mainly in Haiti, Java, and Runion. . Herbal baths are important in Haitian culture in both spiritual and medicinal practices, and represent the second most important category of administration, after ingestion. This use of cricket's legs has been also reported by Hernndez and Volpato [19] in their article about the medicinal mixtures of Eastern Cuba, as well as by Seoane [16] in his treatise on Cuban medical folklore. Ethnobotanical knowledge is dynamic for any given culture and it changes as it is transferred and appropriated by people who are adapting to new environments [44, 45]. 1959, Port-au-Prince: Imprimerie de L'etat. The hairs of the fruit of this plant contain formic acid and mucunain, which are so toxic that they were used as homicidal poisons in Africa [40, 41]. Although no census of Haitians (residents or descendants) in Cuba has been done to date, we can roughly estimate the number of Haitians and their descendants in the Province of Camagey at about 50,000 or 67% of the population. Today we have black-eyed peas, sesame seeds and peanuts in the Americas because slaves brought them along on the middle passage. 1986, 17: 13-30. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Boletn de Resea de Plantas Medicinales. A few other remedies of non-vegetal origin were also reported. Boletn de Resea de Plantas Medicinales. Before you rub yourself with it, Sister Francis instructed, youwash it and rub it all over where the itching is.. Our purpose was to list the plants held to be antifertility agents in the island. The ethnic and cultural composition of contemporary Caribbean populations are the result of historical population movements through the slave trade and inter-island migration and of the legacy of the different ethnicities involved in the process of national identity formation. It is located between the Canal Viejo de Bahamas in the North, the Caribbean Ocean in the South, the Province of Las Tunas in the East, and the Province of Ciego de vila in the West. Conversely, and to a lesser extent, Haitians contributed to what is today considered as traditional Cuban medicine by introducing into the dominant Cuban community certain specific ethnobotanical practices and uses of plants, as described also in Volpato et al. 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.018. Traveling Plants and Cultures The Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacy of Migrations. Fieldwork was carried out from December 2002March 2003 and from FebruaryJuly 2004. Laguerre, Michel S. Afro-Caribbean Folk Medicine, S. Hadley, Mass: Bergin & Garvey, 1987. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Haitian with a dried fruit of Abelmoschus esculentus from his homegarden (G. Volpato). Au DT, Wu J, Jiang Z, Chen H, Lu G, Zhao Z. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by Hakka in Guangdong, China. About 10% each of the remedies are prepared by means of juice extraction and infusion. Privacy Methods Information was obtained from semi-structured interviews with Haitian immigrants and their . The continuous ingestion of low doses of the allelochemicals in these species may be an effective means to prevent massive parasite infestations, especially in children [43]. Haitians believe that giving catnip tea to infants will clarify impurities in their blood. dicinal plants utilized in the plain regions. 1997, Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. They are used to treat rashes in children caused by measles and smallpox (e.g. Revealing Latinos' plant-healing knowledge and practices in New York City. Richard Allen Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The species belong to 112 genera and 63 families, with a prevalence of Annona and Citrus (three species each) among the genera, and among the families of Fabaceae (9.8%), Asteraceae (6.5%), Euphorbiaceae and Verbenaceae (4.9%), Lamiaceae and Rutaceae (3.3%). This story originally ran on September 22, 2015. Etnologa y Folklore. Pieroni A, Mnz H, Akbulut M, Baser KHC, Durmuskahya C: Traditional phytotherapy and transcultural pharmacy among Turkish immigrants living in Cologne, Germany.
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