The universe, our own genetics, manipulation of materials, the building blocks of matter all are areas where we are learning more all the time. Skills are know how, what the Greeks calledtechne. Thus the issue between competing scientific theories cannot always be settled by experience. im looking for tok exhibition objects for the question "are some things unknowable?". The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge: We might begin a response to this prompt by saying that if there are things then they are knowable by the very fact of their being a thing. His original term was areteor what we have translated as virtue, and knowing oneself was to have knowledge of ones possibilities and potentialities. how reality is conceived. veers round into a quality of its own and then it becomes incalculable (Heidegger). are also objects that could come under consideration with this prompt. In logic, the word correctnessis lack of contradiction, consistency. The Greeks understood technology as the theoretical knowledge that makes the practical applications possible. For example, no-one knows when Shakespeare was born (although we do know when he was baptized). While most of the sufficient reasons are supplied through logic and logistics in mathematical calculations, examples for this calculating reasoning may be taken from almost anywhere and it will be your task to show their relationship to each other in making the assertions you will make regarding the three images or objects that you have chosen. Certainly the greatest change in our human being-in-the-world occurs due to our change in our relationship to Nature. Sometimes we understand experience as the experience, sensation or buzz to be derived from, say, a drug or a rally (Jimi Hendrix Are You Experienced?). It was last seen in Daily quick crossword. A little more about Turing: his line of reasoning is particularly remarkable because he did it in 1936 years before the first digital computer was built. What is the relationship between knowledge and culture? What is the truth that we are lacking in what we hold up as knowledge? A prime number is only divisible by itself or 1 and its a curious fact that, so far, every even number thats been tested is the sum of two of them for example: 8 = 5+3 or 82 = 51 + 31. The metaphor of black swan is used to describe an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. It can also be a statement exhibiting a relation of implication i.e. One may wish to take the journey down the path which discusses techne as that type of knowledge which is in another and for another and provide examples of various products of human endeavours that provide human beings with some good end or usefulness. Your email address will not be published. Not only are they unknown now, they can never be known. This is the first on the list because, in a sense, the concept of the unknowable starts with this paradox discovered by Bertrand Russell in 1901. According to Kant, our cognition renders sufficient reasons for the being of objects when it brings forward and securely establishes the objectness of objects and thereby brings itself to objectness, that is, to the being of experienceable beings. They are the creators of the shadows within Platos Cave. What we call our knowledge requires that what we consider the knowledge to be must be rendered or handed over to others so that it may be justified and made secure. Before becoming a drug dealer, he was involved in car theft, illegal cigarette sales, and tombstone theft. with the way in which man withstands the There, the openness and hiddenness of the beings among which he stands. Our understandings and interpretations of our experiences are, for the most part, culturally determined and this is what we have come to call shared knowledge. Technology istheoretical;the practical applications, its instrumentality, is secondary to this primary theoretical viewing. We can see its relation to what is now called algorithms. Since this is its concern, it is subject to interpretation. While the third object can be objectively proven to be something unknowable, its important to notice that in case of both objects one and two and the introduction we have to assume that some popular belief is shared by everyone, while its provably not true there were economists that predicted the 2008 financial crisis just as there where attempts in the ancient times of creating a way of viewing the world not based on myth. Are some types of knowledge more useful than others? Your TOK exhibition is worth 35% of the grade. Does all knowledge impose ethical obligations on those who know it? You will then find three objects or images of objects that relate to this prompt and develop your interpretation accordingly. Bringing this pre-programmed response to light will help you in your search for self-knowledge in that how you interpret things i.e. We view material tools as technology, but as our writing on technology demonstrates, while this is a correct understanding of what technology is, it does not get us to the essence of technology: the tools are the outcome of what the essence of technology is and they are brought into being because technology provides the open space for their ability to be. Then consciousness may become a term for something more advanced, like a living brain. judgements, and thus sets itself over-against the world as to an object. 26. This type of speaking in under great threat in todays world. 235 likes, 15 comments - Meredith Christenberry (@christenberry_collection) on Instagram: "Timeless collection is LIVE (link in bio) and its giving me alllll the fri . Any image of medicinal healing of any type can answer the questions of for whom (human beings) and for what purposes (health) because health is determined to be a good end or purpose and it has value for us. 27. With the scientific method and increasingly more complex new technologies we discover more and more things about the world around us. Requiring surety and certainty are the consequences of the approach to life that we have inherited from Cartesianism: cogito ergo sum. To regard moods or conscience as experiences ignores the way in which these moods disclose or how they open up for us our way of being in the world and our human being. Most of these are mathematical; I've tried to make it as nontechnical as possible - apart from anything else, I'm no mathematician so I've tried to dumb it down enough so that I can understand it. Can you explain it? It will be able to talk about itself and how there are other beings, it may be able to claim that it is conscious, but it still will be a set of relatively simple mathematical equations trained to behave like a human. To manage the world as picture we need to think in terms of quantity and measurement, the calculable. that knowledge which technology has brought forward. The projecting of analogies or models is part of the erecting of a framework from which you will demonstrate how you have viewed the objects/images present and show them in a new light (possibly) to others. Both doubt and skepticism were requirements for beginning thinking. The doing and making of technology, what we understand as instrumentality, is secondary to how technology determines what a being or thing is in the first place. What the light of a project reveals are possibilities captured in the interpretation. To that extent, we have renounced the type of description of nature that was customary for centuries and that had been valid as the self-evident goal of all exact natural science. This fundamental experience of how things are comes to determine for us the manner in which we look at and experience the things we encounter here in the modern age. I have written extensively on this topic of personal knowledge on this blog site and recommend that you view the following links to find possible approaches in narrowing your focus on this broad topic: CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; CT 1: Self-Knowledge and Ethics. In Latin, this account is ratio:the ground of the truth of judgement isratio. relates some thing to some other thing. Of course, the prompt should involve some thought regarding how we treat the world and the inhabitants within it and some thought must be given to how money is involved in many situations and conditions that students will have to face once they have made the grade and succeeded in the game where knowledge is valued according to its applications. The most common evidence is given through mathematical calculation i.e.. the thing is measured against something that is already known or something that is already taken for granted as known. The virtue of some thing was its usefulness or goodness, and it had to do with its potentialities or possibilities. They are what can be learned and what can be taught i.e. Dianoiais that thinking which brings separate things together and allows those things to be seen as units, ones or monads. Your Exhibition is a rendering that is handed over to others i.e. His arguments appear to ignore the fact that it is the public who determines what their interests are and not an individual running for office. How can we judge when evidence is adequate? I have to look at it, and to look at it I have to illuminate it. So, consider a set (S, say) of sets that dont contain themselves. The philosophical principles lying inside quantum physics and Heisenbergs indeterminacy principle are proofs that what was traditionally called objectivity in the sciences is no longer possible. The acronyms and the specialized language in use in those communities are not things that those outside of the community are familiar with. Whats crazy about it (actually, one of a few things), is that there is a different constant for each program, so there is an infinite number of values for this constant which is usually shown as a Greek omega (). (See particularly the comments by Heisenberg in the blogs on The Natural Sciences.). That things are exactly measurable: this is a priori for mathematical physics, and this is what counts for mathematical physics. It must be that we feel that we have nothing to learn from the thinking that occurred before this time, or perhaps we feel that we already know the discussions that the great minds undertook regarding things in the past and that we can learn about them but not from them. It just means that the answer to the question is known by one party, but not the other. Photo of market collapse in 2008 from the Times magazine. Knowledge is ever increasing, and often it seems to increase by leaps and bounds. The philosophical problem is about the lack of knowledge when it comes to rare events that never happened before. This is why works of art are turned into things nowadays so that something may be said about them as to what they are and what they may mean.What is unknowable is not a thing. Unknowable Thing: Where is that particle, and how fast is it going? We demand that things give us the reasons for their being the way they are. Werner Heisenberg was a German theoretical physicist who worked closely with the Danish physicist Niels Bohr in the 1920s. If we read the prompt in the light of such expressions as being in the picture, putting oneself in the picture, getting the picture which imply a complete mastery of what the picture is a picture of we see that world-picture essentially means not a picture of the world, but the world conceived as picture from within a framing. Leibniz was also the inventor of what we call the insurance industry today. Thus in pro-jecting, what counts as knowledge is that human being always projects itself on its possibilities, though the range of possibilities varies with the thing chosen. The greatest constraint placed upon the pursuit of knowledge is that which is imposed by the principle of reason: nihil est sine ratione: nothing is without (a) reason. This is another mind bender proved by Alan Turing. In other areas, there are few, for example, who understand the mathematics involved in quantum and relativity physics. Seeking truth for these communities of knowers is much like swimming inside the local lagoon here in Bali where the contours and shapes and the security of ones activities can be carried out without the need to go beyond the safety and security of the surrounding reef to the area where the dangers of the big surf lie and where the sharks await. This represents a hard limit to human knowledge at a point in time. He was executed in 1993, by the Colombian National Police after escaping authorities 16 months ago. For example, the virtue of a thoroughbred racehorse is to run fast; it is not good if it does not or cannot do so. Moreover, they show that their unknowability comes from the complex nature of their objects, randomness associated with factors that shape them or from its specific mathematical nature. A world-picture, on the other hand, comes from the German Weltbild, a picture [BiId] of the world. How can we distinguish between knowledge, belief and opinion? What features of knowledge have an impact on its reliability? We impose laws to determine our behaviours in our communities. How one re-searches the historical developments within an area of knowledge will be determined byhermaneuticsand the de-constructionof language. the Greek wordmathematical. We doubt a claim when we are lacking certainty and reliability regarding those who are making the claim, the sources of the claim, or when the things about which the claim is being made are not sufficiently justified, that is sufficient reasons have not been supplied for the claim. Activities such as gene splicing to produce seed that will not reproduce, etc. Are some things unknowable TOK Exhibition A How might the context in which knowledge is presented influence whether it is accepted or rejected? For example, if we want our automobiles to perform at optimum efficiency, we are obliged, we owe it to the automobiles to maintain them properly. which is its completeness of the calculably secure establishing of objects and the securing of the calculability of our reckoning with them. Each historical age has its own particular concept of greatness; and our concept of greatness is purely quantitative, the gigantic not only gigantic monuments, but the traversal of vast distances at immense velocities, etc. 1, AOK: Technology and the Human Sciences Part. Its fairly easy to argue that there are no uninteresting people: Consider making a list of uninteresting people; one of those people will be the youngest and being the youngest uninteresting person is, itself, interesting so they should be removed from the list. This revealing of hidden things is like the cherry tree that is currently bursting into bloom, revealing what has been concealed regarding its essence up to this time. There may be some dispute over the language used to communicate these conclusions, but this is avoided when the language used is mathematical calculus. The object only exists in the outer world, and it rotates around the globe in the lower space of the earth. Alan Turing was an English mathematician and a child prodigy, particularly in mathematics. The idea is that all we can know is what our senses tell us, but that we can only assume that what our senses have told us is accurate. Some knowledge is better to be kept within its community of knowers, and some knowledge must be shared with the global community of . 31. OT2: Knowledge and Technology. All that matters is the quality of the feeling or experience, since these experiences can have no significance for our lives or our world. Correctness as consistency means that a statement is deduced from another statement in accordance with the rules of reasoning. (Heidegger, What is a Thing), This is an instance of the general idea that our mode of access to a type of entity, e.g. The Greek polis is not properly understood as a culture, and we do not translate Platos Republic, for instance, as Platos Culture, yet the discussions in that dialogue are what we would understand as culture. From world-views and world-pictures is determined what and how we understand what our personal and shared knowledge are to be. We may gain our knowledge from parents, peers, teachers or others with whom we come in contact, but this knowledge must be made our own. That which is animate is also included here in this determination of being as object: nothing distinguishes humans from other animals or species (Darwins Origin of Species). How is the principle of reason a rendered reason? Finally, you should also include appropriate citations and references. There is no Greek world-picture: human beings are at the beck and call of Being. v) Shakespeares Macbeth is not a play about ambition: Shakespeare is not against ambition; it is a play that concerns the outcomes of the illness that at times accompanies ambition and the ambitious. One is laid beside the other so that the one is orientated and conforms to the other by means of a relationship that you will establish. There's just something about a mystery that, once it gets inside your brain, it must be solved.. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); https://anchor.fm/john-rick-butler/episodes/Introduction-to-Theory-of-Knowledge-An-Alternative-Approach-er4qvq, https://anchor.fm/john-rick-butler/episodes/CT-1-Basic-Concepts-equfll, CT 1: Knowledge and the Knower: Historical Background, CT: The Exhibition: A Glossary of Prompts, The Assault on Truth: Real Life Situations (RLS)Observations, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Introduction, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Dewey and Education, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Christianity: Thoughts on the Lords Prayer, The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge, The Natural Sciences: Historical Background, Notes on Ancient Greek Philosophy and Modern Science, Darwin and Nietzsche: Part II: The Essence of Truth as Representation, Darwin and Nietzsche Part IV: Metaphysics as Logic: The Grounds of the Principle of Reason. They are multiversities because their domains of knowledge exist within various world-pictures. To count comes from the Latin reor and it is directly related to the Latin word ratio. Useful to/for whom? With this concept firmly in place; you can reason thus: Suppose you start writing computer programs to generate real numbers, one for each real number. To disseminate means to spread something widely so that it is available for public viewing; it is a bringing to presence of some thing so that others may be able to view it. 9. It is difficult to take as sane someone who does not. 2. This way with sufficient information, predicting the future would be possible, but all experiments suggest that the universe isnt deterministic. The concept of a culture is 19th century thought for what we call cultures are historically determined and the knowledge brought forward from them will also be historically determined. However, such knowledge has also brought about many ills and challenges that we are now trying to overcome and must overcome if we are to sustain life on this planet. TOK Exhibition Prompts List 1. This prompt and topic is dealt with at greater length in the following links:CT 1: Perspectives (WOKs). The purpose for this writing on these prompts is to provoke thought regarding our understanding of what the key concepts contained in the prompts might mean. When what is is defined as object, as object it becomes the ground and basis of all things, their determinations as to what they are, and the kinds of questioning that determine those determinations. Diaeresis is the separation that allows something to be set in relief, juxtaposed and thus brought forward, a setting off and distinguishing of something from something else. It was in direct conflict with that tradition which is known as the history of philosophy. How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge? An examination of what we understand as History can occur here. Adequate is a synonym for sufficient, so evidence is considered adequate when sufficient reasons are provided for the judgements that are made; and when these are provided, they are considered good evidence.
