others assign them with resource-like behavior. If a class needs to use data other than Put all classes and resource type definitions (defined types) as separate files in the Instead, use the template() and epp() functions to read a template from the module. When defining variables you must only use your site manifest. Click Configure > Puppet Classes. In the above example, Puppet will ensure that every resource in the apache class gets applied before every resource in any apache::vhost instance. resource contained in the class will also have that metaparameter. For example, use on) in your module. Conditional statements should follow Puppet code guidelines. Include-like declarations are the most common; they are flexible and DB2 Types structures or classes). This example places the values in the defaults hierarchy, which means that the defaults are Classes generally configure large or medium-sized chunks of functionality, such as all of the packages, config files, and services needed to run an application. Include usage examples and code samples for the common use cases for your As an example, to include A type representing a sequence of bytes. The include function is the standard way to declare classes. makes it available. If you are maintaining old code created prior to Puppet 4.9, meaning: \\ This means that for every backslash If a class parameter lacks a after the final value. Good question. Can be a simple object only having attributes, or a indicate the defined type's location in a module. This Examples Hash matches a hash of any length; any keys must match Scalar and any values must match Data. Choices: "string" "boolean" "integer" "real" "array" "hash" "yaml" "json" "none" Puppet Strings generates a REFERENCE.md file containing all the reference information for your module, including a complete list of your module's classes, defined types, functions, resource types and providers, Puppet tasks and plans, along with parameters for each. external data for parameters. Create a class classes or defined types to manage their own dependencies and allows you create overlapping alias. If the resource type includes a namespace separator ::, then each segment must be capitalized. puppetlabs-apache module and only works on You can find thorough, detailed information on writing a great README in Documenting modules, but in general your README should: Note any setup requirements or limitations, such as "This module requires the To satisfy cross-module dependencies in a more portable way, include statements It doesnt yet add any resources to the catalog; to do that, you must declare it (see below) or assign it from an ENC. module overwrites everything in animportantfile.conf.). Classes are singletons although a given class can behave very differently title. A class definition statement isnt an expression and cant be used where a value is expected. Strings processes the README and comments from your code Please file a JIRA ticket in our. don't specify a data type in the definition statement, the parameter accepts values of any To increase readability of arrays and hashes, it is almost always beneficial to break up name automatically, so you can't use them as parameters. If you set a data type for each parameter, Puppet checks the always easy to detect. Most users should only put classes in individual files in modules. helps build reusable and readable code. documentation guide, list of You can use parameters to restrict which The left section contains a list of possible parameters the class supports. The Puppet modules work as components of host configuration definitions. They allow you to override class Smart Class parameters You can override parameters of a Puppet module using Smart Class parameters if the module supports the use of parameters. For example, a reference to the apache::vhost resource The Class data type is roughly equivalent to the set of Mytype data types, except it is for classes. strings with a minimum of eight characters. A comma-separated list of class names or class references. Each value must be a data type that matches the allowed values for that key. This allows you to make special-case classes that extend the functionality of a more general base class. This design pattern can make for significantly cleaner code while enabling some really sophisticated behavior around default values. The keys in a schema hash are usually strings. Resource-like declarations look like normal resource declarations, your classes. to read, you can break it up on multiples lines to improve readability. documentation. You can also assign classes to nodes with an external node classifier (ENC) namespaces. No style guide can cover every circumstance you might run into when Chaining Classes should be stored in their modules manifests/ directory as one class per file, and each filename should reflect the name of its class; see Module Fundamentals and Namespaces and Autoloading for more details. and requires in one group and all validations in another. If you have a particularly long chain of operations or block that you find difficult For more information on how Puppet uses your personal information, see Since the base classs local scope already exists before the new classs parameters get declared, those parameters can be set based on information in the base class. content. variables. Note that treating a parameter like a namevar and defaulting it to $title or $name does not make it a required As long as your and later. The built-in function type returns the type of any If you use a hash to set attributes for a resource, you cannot set a different, explicit Declare very to use exported resources to function by default unless it is expressly required. It is especially useful when you want your default values to change based on system facts and other data, since it lets you isolate and encapsulate all that conditional logic. Include a brief description, the valid options, By default, Type matches any value that This form is sent to the Puppet docs team. The special variables $title and $name are both set to the class name automatically, so they cant be used as parameters. data type. functionality, such as all of the packages, configuration files, and classes to Hiera data, see data in modules. defined type causes Puppet to re-evaluate the block of code Because defined resource types can have multiple instances, resource names must have a Parameters to classes or defined types must be uniformly indented in two spaces from the Your module should have a README in .md (or .markdown) format. This single class name declaration declares the class only once and has no additional ntp class, that resource will also be applied before the Click the Smart Class Parameter tab. detailed documentation for your module. declare a resource of a defined type in the same way you would declare a resource of a For both single- and double-quoted strings, escape the backslash to remove this special Parameters that have a default value are considered optional parameters: if you don't encounter them in the code. If readability becomes a problem, consider creating a custom data type style to follow when developing modules. parameter_type. A comma-separated list of values or expressions. If you need help with the product itself, visit, To learn about how Puppet uses your personal information, This another parameter in the resource's title and name. Enter your feedback and email. If a string is a value from an enumerable set of options, such as present and absent, it SHOULD NOT be enclosed in requires another class or defined type, put graceful failures in place if those required There are also a few less common uses for them. Declaring a new resource of the Classes generally configure large or medium-sized chunks of Older Puppet versions supported a small set of data types only: Bool, String, Array, and Hash. You can include any metaparameter in the declaration of a defined type instance. Should not exceed a 140-character line width, except where such a limit would be A class contains all Exported resources should be opt-in rather than opt-out. validation, instead of using a String and checking the contents of the string in the code. Parameters should be typed. The general form of a class definition is: For example, this class definition specifies no parameters: This class definition creates a version parameter (, The files in the example below specify the default values are located in the. A contained class is This includes The default value, if any, for that element. This means that any For more information on how Puppet uses your personal information, see full benefit of your work. Accomplish other use cases by adding Classes can be derived from other classes using the inherits keyword. If you leave us your email, we may contact you regarding your feedback. You can use parameters to restrict which values Class matches, but it will matches no values. parameters and = signs aligned. Major upgrade from Puppet 3.8.x, Using and extending Puppet Server, Server-specific Puppet API endpoints, Writing functions (modern Ruby API), Reports: Tracking Puppet's activity, Extensions for assigning classes to nodes, Misc. Like a class, a defined resource type can take parameters and use these parameters to configure a related group of resources. This consistency in code and module structure makes it easier to update and maintain the code. Resources are the fundamental unit for modeling system Within a manifest, resources should be grouped by logical relationship to each other, impractical. manifests directory of the module. (This also causes a warning for the unrecognized escape.) You can provide a value for any class parameter by specifying it as resource attribute; any parameters not specified will follow the normal external/default/fail lookup path. Public overrides cause catalog compilation to be unreliable and dependent on order evaluation. For example, the value String represents the data type of strings. When declaring classes in publicly available modules, use include, contain, or require rather than class resource declaration. The general form of a define statement is: This example creates a new resource type called, Just as with a normal resource type, you can declare resource defaults for a defined type. Indent Puppet is automatically aware of classes in modules and can autoload them by name. An increase in 'y' indicates minor changes: the non-breaking addition of new This is functionally equivalent to doing the following: This is a significant readability win, especially if the amount of logic or the number of parameters grows beyond whats shown in the example. value. As such, you should supply defaults wherever possible. POSIX numeric notation must be represented as 4 digits. Multiple resources declared in a single block should be used only when there is also a A parent type of all data types except the non serializeable types. When you have many interdependent or order-specific items, chaining syntax may be The variables $title and $name are both set to the class Classes, defined types, and lambdas all let you Ensure the Override check box is selected. Note that you can also use multi-resource references here. ntp::service class. types require parameters, and most types have some optional Select a class from the list that has parameters as indicated in the Parameters column. For details, see the Containing Classes section of the Containment page. Class definitions should be stored in modules. For example, When you need to override resource attributes in the base class. The hiera_include function requests a list of class names from Hiera, then declares all of them. See the documentation of the ENC interface or the documentation of your specific ENC for complete details. The equals sign should be aligned. Case and selector values must be enclosed in quotation marks. Most ENCs assign classes with include-like behavior, but parameter accepts values of any data type. Use the In this example declaration, the Click Configure > Puppet Classes. The data type of literal data type values is Type. This style guide applies to Puppet 4 Puppet automates the delivery and operation of the software that powers some of the biggest brands in the world. Develop your module using consistent code and module If you specify a key type, a value type is mandatory. A type representing a specific point in time, A type representing a Uniform Resource Identifier. manifest, and give the manifest file the same name as the defined type. That is, the class, Lexically inside another class definition. parameters: This declaration declares a class and specifies the version metaparameters, merge the values from the container and any specific values from the If no data type is specified, values of any data type are permitted. required in a specific set of use cases. not use upper-case letters within a word, such as defined resource type by writing a define classes in node definitions, at top scope in the site manifest, and in other classes or deleted. Don't define classes and defined resource types within other classes or defined types. representable in JSON. structures to make it easier to update and maintain. An optional trailing comma after the last parameter. You can This function uses include-like behavior, Puppet uses the Sensitive data type to mark your sensitive data for example secrets, passwords and private keys with a flag that hides the value from certain parts of Puppet, such as reports. privacy policy. information. You have the option that represents the data type of these values You cannot apply the noop metaparameter to resource-like class declarations. in a valid module. The values of Data types sometimes take parameters, which make them more specific. Some resource attributes, such as the relationship metaparameters, can accept multiple values in an array. If you need help with the product itself, visit, To learn about how Puppet uses your personal information, Classes can also contain other classes, but you must manually specify that a class should be contained. style. If you need help with the product itself, visit, To learn about how Puppet uses your personal information, The matcher only accepts fully qualified class names without any leading colons. of the containing class extend to the contained class as well. of String, because you might The following data types are available in Puppet: Core data types These are the "real" data types, which make up the most common values you'll interact with in the Puppet language. Separating classes and defined types into separate files is functionally identical to These quoting requirements do not apply to expressions that evaluate to strings. For information about the specific meaning of terms like 'must,' 'must a parameter receives an illegal value. If a defined type is present and loadable, you can declare opening brace and the title, and no spaces between the title and You must not use dashes, as they are not two literal backslashes in the string, you would use four backslashes in total. Since overridden values from the class declaration always win, are computed at compile-time, and do not have a built-in hierarchy for resolving conflicts, allowing repeated overrides would cause catalog compilation to be unreliable and evaluation-order dependent. When referencing top-scope variables other than declaring them in init.pp, but has the benefit of it appears, such as when it is very short. It can accept: The contain function is meant to be used inside another class definition. checks the resource parameter's value at runtime to make sure that it has the right data => Class['ntp'], the local value of $require would be When using exported resources, name the property collect_exported. puppet-lint-param-docs.gemspec README.md puppet-lint parameter documentation check Adds a new puppet-lint check to verify all class and defined type parameters have been documented. Resource-like declarations specify parameters, which let your code request data from a user or some other developing. takes a value and a data type, and raises errors if your code encounters an Comments should explain the why, not the how, of your code. To add the code to the catalog, you must declare one or more resources If you need to read internal data from another class, you should generally use qualified variable names instead of assigning parent scopes. This function uses include-like behavior, so you can make multiple declarations, and Puppet relies on external data for parameters. This style guide promotes consistent formatting in the Puppet language, giving you a common pattern, design, and style to follow when developing modules. our This function uses include-like behavior, so you can make multiple declarations, and Puppet relies on external data for parameters. A string SHOULD be enclosed in double quotes if it: Modules that adopt this string quoting style MUST enclose all strings in double quotes, for each class or defined type. At evaluation time, Puppet raises an error if Use the override value from the declaration, if present. When you use conditionals for data more complex object also supporting callable methods. Reference section of your README so that your users know how to generate the rspec-puppet does not do the class name parsing and lookup that the Puppet parser would do for you. statements and expressions. organization guidelines. duplicate class declarations and vendor lock-in. Structure classes and defined types to accomplish one task. string. readability first. For complete documentation recommendations, see the Modules section. catalog. Do not rely on unrecognized escaped characters as a method for including the backslash and This means any relationships formed with the class as a whole is extended defaults are set with a parameter class, such as params.pp, and class inheritance. To use a number Code in the derived class is given special permission to override any resource attributes that were set in the base class. Puppet looks up the values for class parameters in Hiera, using the fully qualified name of the parameter (myclass::parameter_one) as a lookup key. Declare them as close to node scope as possible. error if the value is illegal. For Class inheritance can have unpredictable assertions. If used, comments must precede the code for that element. Because hiera_include uses the array lookup type, it gets a combined list A string SHOULD be enclosed in single quotes if it does not contain variable interpolations Any resource can specifically override metaparameter values is Type. depending on how its parameters are set, the resources in it are evaluated only once per They can be added to a nodes catalog by either declaring them in your manifests or assigning them from an ENC. Parameters allow a class to request external data. It Puppet by Perforce gives IT operations teams back their time and offers peace of mind with infrastructure automation that enables security and compliance. name and the bracket. parameters or conditional logic. Must use one space between the resource type and opening brace, one space between the As long you are consistent, strings may be enclosed in single or double quotes, depending parameters take, and the order in which they must be given. Think of it as shorthand for an if statement with a non-match (!~) expression the elements on separate lines. defined types. Docs Open Source Puppet Syntax and settings The Puppet language Variables Variables Sections Assigning variables Resolution Interpolation Scope Unassigned variables and strict mode Naming variables Variable names Variables store values so that those values can be accessed in code later. Classes are singletons although a given class can have very different behavior depending on how its parameters are set, the resources in it will only be evaluated once per compilation. easier to use. hiera_contain function accepts a single lookup key. Each segment must adhere to the naming and reserved names guidelines. defaults with Hiera data. left operand is a value of that data type.
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