Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&oldid=1152325818, Enlargement of intergovernmental organizations, Events affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Willingness to settle international, ethnic or external territorial disputes by peaceful means, commitment to the rule of law and human rights, and democratic control of armed forces, Ability to contribute to the organization's defense and missions, Devotion of sufficient resources to armed forces to be able to meet the commitments of membership, Security of sensitive information, and safeguards ensuring it, Compatibility of domestic legislation with NATO cooperation, Goldgeier, James. [270] The country joined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1979, at the same time when the British Royal Navy left its base at the Malta Dockyard. [243] Ireland supplied a small number of troops to the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan (20012014) and supports the ongoing NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR). [164] Events like the annexation of Crimea and reports of Russian submarine activity in 2014, as well as a 2013 report that Sweden could hold out for only a week if attacked, were credited with that rise in support. At a meeting at Camp David, Bush persuaded Kohl to push for a deal that allowed for a unified Germany to join NATO in full, with the simple caveat that only German troops, rather than foreign ones . ["Belarus might host strategic nuclear weapons, says Lukashenko Belarus might host strategic nuclear weapons, says Lukashenko"], thirty-one European and North American countries, disagreement over the use of the name Macedonia, Minister of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1995 NATO bombing of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, National Assembly of the Republika Srpska, Association Agreement with the European Union, Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Greece and Turkey competed for influence in the newly independent Cyprus, Electoral Bloc of Communists and Socialists, founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina, active separatist movements within member states, "Ukraine applies for Nato membership after Russia annexes territory", "Ukraine Sees Opportunity to Join NATO After Finland, Sweden Invite", "NATO launches ratification process for Sweden, Finland membership", "Kosovo asks U.S. for permanent military base, speedier NATO membership", "Malta, Austria and Ireland united in NATO 2023 Gunther Fehlinger", "Germany's accession to NATO: 50 years on", "Soviet Union establishes Warsaw Pact, May 14, 1955", "The Spanish Neutrality during the Second World War", "America's shameful rapprochement to the Franco dictatorship", "Base Closings: The Rise and Decline of the US Military Bases Issue in Spain, 19752005", "In Ukraine Conflict, Putin Relies on a Promise That Ultimately Wasn't", "The United States and the NATO Non-extension Assurances of 1990: New Light on an Old Problem? The first President of the independent Republic of Cyprus (19601977), Archbishop of Cyprus Makarios III, adopted a policy of non-alignment and took part in the 1961 founding meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement in Belgrade. Austria, Ireland, Switzerland and Malta have maintained their Cold War era neutrality. Collective geopolitical action by NATO states. [276] The second largest alliance in the parliament of Moldova, the Electoral Bloc of Communists and Socialists, strongly opposes NATO membership. [131] According to Politico, NATO members are reluctant to discuss Ukraine's entry into the alliance because they are aware of the Russian Federation's "hypersensitivity" to NATO expansion.[220]. [260][257] United Nations membership, which Kosovo does not have, is considered to be necessary for NATO membership. ", "Time to join NATO? [228] Shortly after West Germany's accession to NATO, the parties agreed to the Austrian State Treaty in May 1955, which was largely based on the Moscow Memorandum signed the previous month between Austria and the Soviet Union. [153] These ideological divides were visible in November 2006 when Sweden could either buy two new transport planes or join NATO's plane pool, and in December 2006, when Sweden was invited to join the NATO Response Force. [133], The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina within Bosnia and Herzegovina has expressed willingness to join NATO, however, it faces consistent political pressure from Republika Srpska, the other political entity in the country, alongside its partners in Russia. [283] After the overthrow of President Slobodan Miloevi Serbia wanted to improve its relations with NATO, though membership in the military alliance remained highly controversial among political parties and society. [6] Joining the alliance is a debate topic in several other European countries outside the alliance, including Austria, Cyprus, Ireland, Malta, Moldova, and Serbia. The move had doubled the length of the border that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization shares with Russia.[93][94]. [115] Ukraine was recognized as an aspirant country after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. [55], At the 1999 Washington summit NATO issued new guidelines for membership with individualized "Membership Action Plans" for Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in order to standardize the process for new members. Two countries on the Adriatic SeaAlbania and Croatiajoined on 1 April 2009 before the 2009 StrasbourgKehl summit. Georgia's northern neighbor, Russia, opposed the closer ties, including those expressed at the 2008 Bucharest summit where NATO members promised that Georgia would eventually join the organization. [223], Russia, Armenia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan are all members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), a post-Soviet alternative military alliance. [27][28] [224] In 2000, Russian President Vladimir Putin floated the idea of Russia potentially joining NATO. [79] Most countries ratified the accession treaty in 2019, with Spain ratifying its accession protocol in March 2020. [229], Membership of Austria in the European Union (or its predecessor organizations) was controversial due to the Austrian commitment to neutrality. For the first time since the 1700s, the U.S. had formally tied its security to that of nations in Europethe continent that had served as the flash point for both world wars. This happened with NATO's expansion to the East." . [219] Since the invasion, calls for NATO membership for Ukraine have escalated across both Ukraine and NATO countries. [144] The move met opposition from Turkey, which called for the Nordic countries to lift their non-existing arms sales ban on Turkey and to stop any support for groups which Turkey and others have labeled as terrorists, including the Kurdish militant groups Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (that Sweden banned in 1984) and Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK) and Democratic Union Party (Syria) (PYD) and People's Defense Units (YPG), and of the followers of Fethullah Glen, a US-based cleric accused by Turkey of orchestrating the failed 2016 Turkish coup d'tat attempt. [262], When the North Atlantic Treaty was signed in 1949, the Mediterranean island of Malta was a dependent territory of the United Kingdom, one of the treaty's original signatories. [138] A ruling of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 6 August 2017 decided that a disputed military facility in Han Pijesak is to be registered as property of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Nato secretary general, Jens Stoltenberg, has said all member countries have agreed that Ukraine will eventually join the transatlantic military . [16][17] Following Franco's death in 1975, Spain began a transition to democracy, and came under international pressure to normalize relations with other western democracies. First published on Fri 21 Apr 2023 06.53 EDT. [204] US President Barack Obama echoed this position the following week, while calling for greater NATO presence in Central Europe. West Germany's accession to NATO marked a turning point in the Cold War. [274], Moldova gained independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Slovakia was forced to wait until 2004. [101] At the 1997 Madrid summit, the heads of state of NATO issued the "Madrid Declaration on Euro-Atlantic Security and Cooperation" which invited three Central European countries to join the alliance, out of the twelve that had at that point requested to join, laying out a path for others to follow. In February 1981, following a failed coup attempt, Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo became Prime Minister and campaigned strongly for NATO membership, in part to improve civilian control over the military, and Spain's NATO membership was approved in June 1982. Gorbachev Says "No", "Moscow's account of Nato expansion is a case of false memory syndrome", "NATO Eastward Expansion and Russian Security", "Chechnya Summons Uneasy Memories in Former East Bloc", "Poland, Hungary and the Czechs Join NATO", "Why Nato-Russia relations soured before Ukraine", "Slovenia Votes for Membership in European Union and NATO", "Intermarium: The Case for Security Pact of the Countries between the Baltic and Black Seas", "The Breakaways: A Retrospective on the Baltic Road to NATO", "Tensions With Russia Propel Baltic States Toward NATO", "No Smoking Law, Alcohol Limit-Yes, Referendum-No", "Slovenia Border Spat Imperils Croatia's NATO Bid", "Slovenia Ratifies Croatia's Accession in NATO", "Montenegro Hands over Application for NATO's MAP", "Montenegro Joins NATO Membership Action Plan", "Development of relations between Montenegro and NATO key dates", "NATO invites Montenegro to join alliance, defying Russia", "NATO formally invites Montenegro as 29th member", "Montenegro becomes NATO's 29th member amid bitter opposition from Moscow", "NATO invites Macedonia to begin membership talks, says it can join once name issue is resolved", "Formal Accession Talks with Skopje begin at NATO Headquarters", "Macedonia signs Nato accession agreement", "NATO door open to North Macedonia after Spain's approval", "North Macedonia Parliament Backs NATO Accession", "North Macedonia joins NATO as 30th Ally", "North Macedonia Joins the NATO Alliance", "Finnish President: Putin's mask comes off, showing "cold face of war", "Yle poll: Support for Nato membership hits record high", "PM Marin: Finland's Nato membership decision needs more time", "Finnish president confirms country will apply to join NATO", "Sweden and Finland formally apply to join Nato", "Finland becomes a Member of NATO on Tuesday 4 April", "Finland joins NATO in historic shift, Russia threatens 'counter-measures'", "NATO: What Is A Membership Action Plan? [236][237] The winner of Cyprus' presidential election in February 2013, Nicos Anastasiades, stated that he intended to apply for membership in the PfP program soon after taking over. When U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson (1893-1971) put his signature on the document, it reflected an important change in American foreign policy. Azerbaijan was a member of the CSTO but has committed to a policy of neutrality since 1999. [311] In 2014, in the run up to the self-determination referendum, the Generalitat de Catalunya published a memo suggesting an independent Catalonia would want to keep all of Spain's current foreign relationships, including NATO, though other nations, namely Belgium, have questioned whether quick membership for breakaway regions could encourage secessionist movements elsewhere.[312]. [134], The conditions of the MAP, however, stipulated that no Annual National Programme[clarification needed] could be launched until 63 military facilities are transferred from Bosnia's political divisions to the central government, which is one of the conditions for the OHR closure. Countries wishing to join must meet certain requirements and complete a multi-step process involving political dialog and military integration. [294] The minor Serbian Renewal Movement, which has two seats in the National Assembly, and the Liberal Democratic Party, which currently has none, remain the most vocal political parties in favor of NATO membership. Democrats are somewhat more likely than Republicans to say the influence of a few key U.S. allies (such as France, Germany, NATO and the EU) is growing. [178] On 20 May, Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs Ann Linde pushed back against Erdoan's claim they support PKK, calling it "disinformation", and pointing out Sweden listed PKK as a terrorist organization in 1984, while the EU followed suit in 2002. [30][31], By August 1993, Polish President Lech Wasa was actively campaigning for his country to join NATO, at which time Yeltsin reportedly told him that Russia did not perceive its membership in NATO as a threat to his country. Croatian Prime Minister Ivo Sanader ultimately agreed in January 2008, as part of forming a coalition government with the HSS and HSLS parties, not to officially propose one. [70][71] NATO formally invited Montenegro to join the alliance on 2 December 2015,[72] with negotiations concluding in May 2016;[73] Montenegro joined NATO on 5 June 2017. It was established in 1955 in response to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The original membership of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) consisted of Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United States.
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