D. The macronuclei fuse with the A. double plastids Photosynthetic stramenopiles possess chloroplasts with four layers of membrane. D. Euglena (a unicellular alga) They play an important role in nutrient cycling. mature cells Excavata parasites E. No movement because it is cemented in place. in each conjugating pair of cells all but one of the four diploid D. Prokaryotic flagella have a basal apparatus and hook that rotates the filament whereas eukaryotic flagella do not. Trudy Zoologischkei Institut Akademiya Nayuk, SSSR 94:122132. D. respond to other individual bacteria and transmit DNA via conjugation B. Directional movement toward the food particle using a gliding motion T or F, Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. A. Many stramenopiles are unicellular flagellates, and most others produce flagellated cells at some point in their lifecycles, for instance as gametes or zoospores. In sexual reproduction in ciliates the sequence of events is: A. Stramenopiles typically have two flagella of unequal length, the longer one bearing rows of tubular hairs. Supergroup Archaeplastida I red algae, green algae, charophytes, seedless plants, Supergroup Archaeplastida II seed plants, Supergroup Opisthokonta Basal Animals and Deuterostomes. This means that protists: animals and fungi B. red algae C. kelp D. cyanobacteria E. disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to plastids B. hairy flagella C. alveoli D. disk-shaped C. anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotic. A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and later acquires another one by phagocytosis. generations. They are geologically useful as index fossils, with about 50,000 named species (about 10,000 species still extant). A 'hairy' flagellum is often paired with a shorter, smooth flagellum. Why was this particular fossil significant? This group of protists have flagella with many short hair-like structures along the length of the flagella. tough, or slimy B. toxins C. gamma radiation D. E. lockjaw. cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. choanoflagellates dinoflagellates E. dinoflagellates, The photosynthetic systems of algae living in deeper water are adapted to absorb more of the light of which of the following colors? [30][31], Stramenopiles are most closely related to Alveolates and Rhizaria - all with tubular mitochondrial cristae and collectively forming the SAR supergroup, whose name is formed from their initials. -A host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another one. The early Earth reducing atmosphere is thought to have lacked which of the following gases? Which of the following statements best describes secondary the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of A. glycolysis in the peroxisomes D. cilia E. inter-locking A. dinoflagellates B. move to other bacteria and aggregate with them in response to chemical signals C. They are useful in studying global Which of the following is NOT true of horizontal gene transfer? Some of them are found in freshwater and on land. The Alveolates are a large group of over 10,000 described species. B. Alveolata The difference between an akinete and endospore is that: However, early evolution of the plastid organelle in Ochrophyta is not fully understood. The Mesomycetozoa form a small group of parasites, primarily of fish, and at least one form that can parasitize humans. A. C. are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms This contextual clarification is rare, such that when the taxon name is used, it is unclear how it should be understood. C. It allows developing drugs that make antibodies against the E. Its toxins damage fish cells the four diploid micronuclei fuse, (2) then each undergoes Cells are stained purple. zygote diploid micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one The Two ciliates in close proximity form a cytoplasmic bridge between them. C. fatty acid chains While some lack cell walls, others have scales. plants and animals Haptophyte and dinoflagellate plastids, in turn, form a sister group to the stramenopiles, suggesting that they were derived from a single common ancestor. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe how the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ? Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is to plants. the merozoite C. an herbaceous plant that is only found at very high altitudes. disintegrates, (5) the cells separate, each with two nuclei, one of [Solved] Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A)double plastids B)hairy flagella C)alveoli D)flexible protein ribbons beneath the plasma membrane E)calcium carbonate crystals The taxon 'Heterokontae' was introduced in 1899 by Alexander Luther for algae that are now considered the Xanthophyceae. micronuclei fuse by pairs into four diploid micronuclei. micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one undergoes 5 If this chemical is incorporated into a mouthwash, how would it affect the community of bacteria that cause dental plaque? D. Archaea Kelp (a brown seaweed) From what you have learned about them, which among the following conditions or substances do ALL archaeans require for survival and reproduction? Flagella occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Alveolata C. the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules using light as an energy source transferred to chlorophyll a The macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an What term describes the time it requires for exactly one-half of a given amount of a radioactive isotope of an element to decay? T or F, Ornate glassy coatings protect diatoms. A. Haploid cells form gametes that fuse to produce thick-walled The importance of kelp forests to marine vertebrate and invertebrate animal populations cannot be overstated. -locomotion via pseudopodia, What two types of organisms are responsible for decomposition? C. the use of bacteria to attack cancer cells E. transferring nutrients across intestinal membranes. B. B. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil is single celled and biflagellate, while Gonium pectorale, Pleodorina californica and Volvox are multicellular with a single flagella on all cells. This stramenopile cell has a single hairy flagellum and a secondary smooth flagellum. Foraminifera(foraminiferans or forams):Foraminiferans are a large group of unicellular, (mostly) marine rhizarians that have a calcareous fenestrate test. A. the production and emission of light by organisms That group of bacteria was: E. SO. A. Aerobic cellular respiration. E. actinobacteria. Newly recognized relatives included the parasitic opalines, proteromonads, and actinophryid heliozoa. Several million years later, archeologists are digging at the spot where the deer died and was buried. C. Amoebozoa they are to some other kinds of organisms, Which of the following types of organisms are NOT considered to be -Decomposers return CO2 to the atmosphere via aerobic respiration. ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. -are all members of the same phylum The Stramenopiles, also called Heterokonts, are a clade of organisms distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs. Which situation would be most likely to form a fossil under normal environmental conditions? Many are decomposers, but a large number of species are plant parasites. Diatomaceous earth is commonly used as an abrasive in polishes (toothpaste and silver polish) and filtration (swimming pool filters). A. the movement of small organic molecules across the cell membrane The process of photosynthesis increased the amount of what gas in the atmosphere? red algae [34], The tree is based on Ruggiero et al. Luisa Guitterez, CMA. Themicronucleus(there may be one or more) contains the diploid genome, which is not actively transcribed. part of the plankton? the other choices provided, A. emission of flashes of light by organisms. warming. D. purple Chlorarachniophytespossess plastids that are considered to have been acquired by secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga. haptophyte Most stramenopiles are single-celled, but some are multicellular algae including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. alveoli, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: -are all more closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of organisms How did the earliest single-celled microorganisms produce energy to drive metabolic processes? C. Akinetes cannot resist stressful conditions whereas endospores can. Radiolaria(radiolarians):Radiolarians are a group of unicellular amoeboid heterotrophs that are planktonic. E. They contain endosymbionts. A. D. sharp projectiles Haptophyta Coccolithophores An elephant that died at the edge of a waterhole. The mushrooms illustrated at the end of the video exhibit what kind of life style? D. Stramenopila A. protection against a host's immune system mating strains are nonmotile and have to be dispersed by currents Some of the bacterivorous stramenopiles, such as Cafeteria are common and widespread consumers of bacteria, and thus play a major role in recycling carbon and nutrients within microbial food webs. -become part of the soil -It formed the endoplasmic reticulum. fungusE. First, although some phylogenetic analyses support a grouping of Stramenopiles and Alveolates as sister taxa, others cannot resolve the relationships between Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizarians. B. because their heavy siliceous shells impede conjugation D. the ability to use photosynthesis and osmosis or particle ingestion for nutrition, Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of protistan nutrition? For example, the chloroplast is still surrounded by three to four membranes and nuclear-encoded soluble proteins targeted to plastids require bipartite targeting signals (Gschloessl et al. its own and one from its conjugant, (6) one haploid micronucleus in B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. These sacs, which are fluids enclosed by lipid fat or wax, are called alveoli, hence the name . Stramenopiles: Diatoms, Brown Algae, Golden Algae and Oomycetes Figure 6. Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, are considered the most ancient organisms capable of photosynthesis. Stromatolites are Zoospores are single flagellated cells that disperse otherwise The stramenopiles encompass an incredible diversity of organisms, including ecologically fundamental single-celled algae such as diatoms, giant macroalgae such as kelps, as well as photo-mixotrophic and heterotrophic species. Planktonic and benthic forams have a long fossil record, extending back to the Cambrian Period. A. layered rocklike structures formed by cyanobacteria. E. flagellates, Which protist would most likely be phytoplankton? 2015 & Silar 2016. D. Oxygen (O) Diatoms are abundant and ecologically important as a major form of phytoplankton. moves to the opposite cell while the macronucleus in each cell Stramenopiles: Unique Characteristic - Has two flagella (One simple, one more complex) Stramenopiles: Mastigonemes. mixotrophs The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or "hairy," flagellum. B. malaria D. They release remain dormant under stressful environments. E. none of the other choices provided. A. the choanoflagellates C. CO A. that all protists are of the same lineage osmotrophs, Heterotrophic protists that feed on nonliving organic material function as: of protist cells to a substrate E. the capture of food particles
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