Considering the high genome size range in liverworts, this repertoire might fluctuate significantly and might be linked to specialized metabolism. The real reason were talking so much about bracts is because thats where the magic happens. Its properties have always been known to the Tohunga, masters of Maori culture. Overall, this review is the rst detailed overview of R. marginata for a wide range of aspects: morphology, taxonomy, anatomy, The penalties for marijuana possession in Virginia were updated on July 1, 2022. All of this has led to their distinction as major cannabinoids. Then again it doesn't like 'autocorrect' either too. Herbs like clove, black-jack, copaiba, black pepper and rosemary remain some of the highest BCP-containing plants out there. All cannabinoids start out in their acidic formsthats why eating a raw flower wont get you high, but smoking it will. It is less potent and we can expect fewer effects on the central nervous system and, for example, memory, but more studies are needed to prove this, he says. Cannabinoids are compounds mostly found in cannabis as well as a few other plants such as Echinacea (US), Radula marginata (New Zealand), and Helichrysumumbraculigerum (Hawaii). The liverwort Radula marginata belongs to the bryophyte division of land plants and is a prospective alternate source of cannabinoid-like compounds. The endocannabinoid system (or ECS) is a vital molecular system for helping maintain homeostasis in the body. Webplants, such as R. marginata, in a terrestrial environ-ment. WebAnyone tried Liverwort (Radula Marginata) Dried herb Liquid Extract ?? The liverwort grows as a common weed. THC is the most well-known of the phytocannabinoids. It has been found to contain cannabinoids. These two, in particular, are appealing because they can be found in much higher amounts than other minor cannabinoids. Your options are limited to oils, capsules, lozenges, and patches. It is based on scientific research and practical advice from ex-smokers. Because of the low levels of PET found in these liverwort strands, the idea is that it wont give patients pronounced psychoactive effects, and will instead help more with nausea, loss of appetite, anxiety, and many other symptoms associated with illnesses for which THC has typically been used. The oily substances they producecannabinoids and terpenescan protect sensitive plant material from burning. These metabolic enzymes ensure that endocannabinoids get used when they are needed, but not for longer than necessary. Radula marginata Taylor is a subtropical liverwort, endemic to the Northern island of New Zealand in the Pacific region. A friend stopped by and dropped off some (I thought it was 15 grams but have weighed it and it was only just under 5 grams) Radula marginata and about 30 grams of Macropiper Excelsum (kawakawa, also known as Maori kava). Clove (Syzgium aromaticum) However, mechanistic insights into the molecular pathways directing the synthesis of these cannabinoid-like compounds have been hindered due to the lack of genetic information. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. They could study these effects and apply them to helping people who are struggling with chronic illnesses now and use that information to extend the legality of using cannabis for medical use. The major objective of our work was the isolation, identification, biocontrol efficacies, biofilm forming potential and anti-biofilm ability of endophytic microbial community of the Black-jack (Bidens pilosa) They concluded that, just as with marijuana, the THC of the radula can accumulate in the brain. This means that it has a natural pain-absorbent. Genetic markers determine what cannabinoid family they develop into. WebSmoking will accelerate decarboxylation at high temperatures, but dur ing storage decarboxylation with at an estimated rate of 510% a year is known in dried plant mate rial at room temperature (2025C) as well [8]. Despite that dearth, the market has already jumped at a few, like CBG and CBN. In recent years, reports on Radula as legal high have accumulated. Virginia made great progress when it comes to cannabis legalization, but it still has a few boxes to tick off. Over a dozen other compounds have been suggested to play a role in regulating and engaging with the endocannabinoid system. She loves to do yoga, dance, and immerse herself in nature. Liverwort (Radula marginata) Helichrysum (Helichrysum umbraculigerum) Electric Daisy (Acmella oleracea) Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) Cacao (Theobroma cacao) Truffles (Tuber melanosporum) Additionally, scientists have successfully generated yeast (Pichia pastoris) that can synthesize THCA. Anyone 21 or older may purchase up to one ounce of cannabis. Specifically the neutral form, 9-THC. The minor cannabinoids are every other cannabinoid that is found in cannabis besides THC and CBD. Many think that Radula Marginata has medicinal characteristics that can cure many serious ailments. PET also has similar anti-inflammatory properties like THC, but it may offer better medical outcomes. Perhaps an experienced heroin CBD is often described as being non-psychoactive. (Compared to marijuana,) they differ in terms of potency and possible adverse effects, he adds, noting that in the laboratory the tests were done with perrotinolene alone. Delta-8 and delta-9 share a few similar health benefits, including: Hemp-derived delta-8 THC is legal under the 2018 Farm Bill. There have been an abundance of stories about scientists finding new ways to use cannabis, THC, and CBD to help people with symptoms such as nausea, muscle aches, glaucoma, loss of appetite, and many more. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) According to research, the essential oils extracted from this plant can kill anything from staph infections to cancer cells (14). These are where terpenes and cannabinoids are produced and stored. Frankincense (Boswellia sacra) Curled Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) Why do we feel high when we smoke weed? The THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) you inhale once heated starts out as THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid). The discovery of cannabinoids in the mid-20th century led to another landmark discovery: that of the endocannabinoid system. Metabolic enzymes that break down endocannabinoids once theyre used up. [2] [3] It has been found to contain cannabinoids. She has helped hundreds of thousands of individuals to re-connect with their bodies and learn self-love through proper eating habits and natural living. This moss-like plant is most commonly known as Liverwort. For example, they cant buy smokable or vaporized cannabis products because state law bans such forms of consumption. A new bibenzyl was isolated from an unidentified Radula species, together with known bibenzyls. The state law aligns with the regulations outlined by the 2018 Farm Bill. No, marijuana delivery is illegal in Virginia. Oxidation of the alkyl side chain is also report ed in the literature. After researchers discovered why THC made us high, they were determined to discover what our bodies produced naturally that stimulated those same receptors. View the full answer. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. There may be an ethnopharmacological connection, says Gertsch. They protect the seed while it grows. Radula Marginata is a liverwort, a member of the class of bryophytes (plants that lack lignin-containing vascular tissue, this is more of a morphological relation than a genetic one). Probably the recreational effects are less strong (than those provided by Cannabis.) WebTrue marginata has not been documented for Virginia, and it is for this reason that I have not considered it a part of the Commonwealth's turtle fauna. A study published on Wednesday by the journal Science Advances seeks to better explain the possibilities of the plant. Because of its crucial role in homeostasis, the ECS is found abundantly in the animal kingdom (1). You can review customer reviews, look into third-party lab reports, read the companys About Us section, or reach other users on social media platforms or forums like Reddit to get a bigger picture. The bill legalized hemp and its derivatives, including cannabinoids, terpenes, isomers, and salts of isomers as long as the final product contains no more than 0.3% delta-9 THC on a dry weight basis. What the scientists did was to analyze the effects of the radula at the molecular level, precisely to be able to define the toxicological consequence of the substance now in mice, but predicting something similar in humans. [6], In 2018, a study showed that perrottetinene is mild to moderately psychoactive through activation of the cannabinoid receptor 1. Liverwort Radula marginata. And they were eager to discover why. This is the most wonderful thing about CBN, you never need to waste any part of this wonderful plant, even old, aged, and stale cannabis has gifts to share! People with a variety of illnesses and disorders would benefit greatly from a painkiller and anti-inflammatory on the same level as THC while still leaving them lucid. WebRadula marginata Taxonomy ID: 1494991 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid1494991) current name. Radula marginata Taylor. Phytochemistry Reviews Radula marginata Taylor is a subtropical liverwort, endemic to the Northern island of New Zealand in the Pacific region. And it's not a botanicals supplier either, they specialize in ughh.. piperazines of all things. CFAH does not endorse any treatment provider or guarantee the quality of care provided, or the results to be achieved, by any treatment provider. Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) Cannabinoid-like compounds known as N-isobutylamides act on the CB2 receptor, making them powerful painkillers and inflammation fighters. It has been found to contain cannabinoids. However, 2018 onwards, the craze for this plant has escalated as companies demand to use it for scents, medicines, etc. These can be broken up into two categories: Researchers in the mid-19th century were very interested in discovering active compounds in natural products. Consumption of marijuana flower is prohibited everywhere in public. Why does consuming cannabis and hemp seem to have such a broad range of beneficial effects? Success! They could be the key to important therapeutic breakthroughs related to cannabis. His autocorrect doesn't like it either. We have a long way to go before we fully understand CBDs impact on our bodies. This page was last edited on 9 March 2023, at 11:14. Web1) Radula species are very rich sources of aromatic compounds and are extremely rich in prenylated bibenzyls.24) The ether extract of the New Zealand liverwort R. marginata, which have not yet been in-vestigated phytochemically, afforded new cannabinoid type and prenylated bibenzyls. It all comes down to tiny lipid-loving compounds that the flower produces: cannabinoids. THC was finally isolated by Israeli researcher Raphael Mechoulem in 1964. I do not think it is a very common plant and have yet to find it being sold online. Before discussing any of them, its important to note that research is extremely sparse on almost all minor cannabinoids. These compounds can regulate how a person feels and reacts. (en) Radula marginata ( Wairuakohu, ) Radula. I really wanna know how it is on its own, how does it taste, how does it compare to traditional cannibinoids etc.. are u planning on doing a hash oil type extraction w/alcohol or solvent. Sensitive users may experience the following effects when they take too much: Delta-8 THC is a milder isomer of delta-9 THC. Taonga is the term used to designate the treasure, the cultural patrimony of the ancestral culture of Oceania. WebExpert Answer. CBG is thought to be particularly effective in treating glaucoma because it helps reduce intraocular pressure (10). Always be sure to dilute in a carrier oil like jojoba oil before applying to the body). Upon testing the effects of CBN, researchers realized they had not found the active compound in cannabis, and the search continued. Which is an important protection against the hungry herbivores and insects that were evolving like crazy in the same time period. Cannabis evolved on the steppes of Central Asia, a place where most plants cannot grow because of the dry, sunny weather. Especially because I may take a break from No dispensaries are currently operating in the state. A Short History of Cannabis and Hemp Extraction, What are Cannabinoids? Radula Marginata is a rare species of the Radulaceae family found in New Zealand. They look like tiny mushrooms, with a gland-head cap and a stalk that supports it. Displayed ads do not constitute endorsement or recommendation by Live Love Fruit. Hemp-derived delta 8 THC is legal in Virginia. Medical marijuana options arent in a better situation. I suspect with Spice and alikes being made illegal it's only a matter of time before the plant and the pure acid are available. She was a science and math teacher for 6 years prior to becoming a parent teaching in schools in White Plains, New York and later in Paterson, New Jersey. Humans have loved this plant for a long, long time. But what about what they do for people? Its also where many of the therapeutic benefitsfrom pain-killing to cancer-fightingcome from. It could be worth investing in these cannabinoids to diversify your end-product offerings. This prompted us to do deep Other cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids can have a significant impact on their effects, but theyre the rockstars. The only format it lacks are pre-rolled joints. Terms of Use Privacy Policy AODA Accessibility Site Map. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a homeostatic regulator of neurotransmitter activity and almost every other physiological system in the body. Some of these herbs can also be drunk as a tea, or taken as a tincture. The first reference of its medicinal properties were recorded in the Pen Tsao Chinga near-mythical Chinese medical text reported to have been written around 2,800 BCE. Perrottetinene has been shown to be a moderately potent CB1 agonist leading to mild psychoactive effects in mice.[7]. %PDF-1.2 % It also may prevent cancer, and improve bone density (9). The general conclusion was that, although the plant is not of the Cannabis genus, it can also be considered a moderately potent but effective cannabinoid using exactly the expression of the article published by the researchers here. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the oesophagus. Protect those around you who may be harmed by your smoking, especially if you are pregnant or around children, Service provided to all Virginia residents, ages 13 +, TTY service available for the hearing impaired, Counseling available in English and Spanish, Information and self-help materials are available. The Ultimate Guide to Fight Inflammation and Restore Your Health! However, the law has different rules for recreational users and patients. Bodies dont create systems that are only stimulated by external compounds, there had to be naturally occurring ones too. Obviously, much more than recreational use, scientists want to understand how radula substances act in the body to glimpse therapeutic applications. You are using an out of date browser. You cant, however, take marijuana outside the state. Gland heads easily fall off during handling, and their presence, or lack thereof, can be an indicator of quality. These changes are why there is so much interest in developing a wide range of pharmaceutical drugs from cannabinoids. All rights reserved. I believe that the compound of the plant could be used for medicinal purposes, says the researcher, anticipating the idea that the substance can be synthesizedindustrially. The liverwort Radula marginata belongs to the bryophyte division of land plants and is a prospective alternate source of cannabinoid-like compounds. Research mapped effects of a radula substance on 44 points of the central nervous system and identified similar effects in addition to differences in relation to Cannabis sativa. Now, scientists are trying to use three strands of liverwort from the Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) That means Virginia residents are unable to purchase weed from dispensaries and must grow their own plants for the time being. Buy Radula Marginata 1g Dried Radula Marginata Size: 1 grams Price: $35 USD plus shipping I gram of air dried Radula Marginata. Slow air dried to retain maximum quality. Click here to order 3g Dried Radula Marginata Size: 3 grams Price: $80 USD plus shipping 3 grams of air dried Radula Marginata. Other cannabinoid-like compounds also interact with the ECS, which Ill describe more below. Its worth it to keep a pulse on the newest research developments in cannabinoid pharmacology to predict what could be coming next. [4] The liverwort contains perrottetinene and perrottetinenic acid. For example, THCA is thought to have some anti-inflammatory effects though its mechanism of action is unknown. The degraded form, CBN, is the potency of THC and thought to share some, but not all, of the therapeutic properties of 9-THC. Most of those benefits appear to stem from its ability to activate both CB1 and CB2 receptors. It has been found to contain cannabinoids. Truffles (Tuber melanosporum), Highest levels of BCP starting from the top with (source): Trichomes are found in many places on cannabis plants, but are most densely populated on bracts themselves. However, this form of liverwort contains a compound that is structurally similar to THC but is significantly reduced when it comes to its psychoactive potency. Most cannabinoids start out as CBGA (cannabigerolic acid). Two cannabinoid-like compounds, antopogocyclolic acid and anthopogochromenic acid (derivatives of chromane and chromene), have been isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Rhododendron anthopogonoides. Hey any updates on this? Scientists at the Universities of Bern and Zurich, both in Switzerland, looked at the effects of a substance isolated from the radula on mice. In 1993, another receptor was found. Since 1994, it has been known that some plants of the genus Radula contain this variant of THC. Interestingly, endocannabinoids are found in relatively high levels in breast milk. The enticing thing about these plants is that they dont get you high. They are specialized leaves that grow to protect the reproductive organ, or pistil, of the female plant. One thing is clear Radula Marginata is going to set up a new history for medical uses once researchers have assessed all its properties and molecular characteristics. There are secretory cells and secretory vesicles (or storage cells) in the gland head. This cannabinoid-like compound is closely related to THC, and has been known to treat bronchitis and alleviate problems with the gallbladder, liver and bladder (16). And all you need to extract CBN is old plant materialthe THC starts degrading into CBN at about a year, and much faster if its exposed to light and heat. Copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii) (source) Please check your inbox to download your FREE eBook. This variant found in the plant also has analgesic effects and can cause catalepsy, I believe that the compound of the plant could be used for. It contains a substance called perrottetinene which acts as an anti-inflammatory painkiller for the body. Biologists call each individual flower bracts though they are more often informally (and incorrectly) called calyxes. WebOur smoking blends, seeds and mushrooms are the rarest, and freshest. In terms of reproduction, at this stage I'm just interested in asexual reproduction: Quote Asexual reproduction In fact, cannabinoids and cannabinoid-like substances that stimulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are very common in other non-marijuana plants. Endocannabinoids like anandamide and 2-AG get made by the body when theyre needed, and are regulated by enzymes like FAAH and MAGL, which break down anandamide and 2-AG, respectively. The information provided by CFAH on this website is not a substitute for professional treatment advice. The FDA recently began testing medical marijuana and researching its applications as a therapeutic treatment for several diseases and disorders (cancer, glaucoma, epilepsy, anxiety). Celery (Apium graveolens) These products are potent and packed with terpenes that contribute to the entourage effect in cannabis. QuitPal (App)Interactive app developed by the National Cancer Institute provides tools to help those who want to be smoke-free using evidence-based smoking cessation methods. Quit kits include: Healthcoaches for studentsThe Well offers coaches trained to facilitate smoking cessation. We import them from all over the world, direct from growers, and harvesters. Benefits of becoming a non-smoker include: Students can access smoking cessation resources through The Well, VCU's student wellness center. The radula is unique to the molluscs, and is found in every class of mollusc except the bivalves. The pistil is the entire reproductive organ of the cannabis flower and contains two stigmas and an ovule. If youre in a hurry, you can use my experience and try out one of the brands I list below. Until recently, it was difficult to produce large amounts of CBG (cannabigerol). 5 out of 5 stars (3,917) $ 6.75. So those individuals who would rather stay away from the hallucinatory effects of THC can make use of the cannabinoid-like elements in non-marijuana plants like oregano and black pepper. http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20l?id=GBIF2550163, http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20l?id=GBIF2550057, "New bibenzyl cannabinoid from the New Zealand liverwort, http://cpb.pharm.or.jp/cpb/200210/c10_1390.pdf, "Identification of Putative Precursor Genes for the Biosynthesis of Cannabinoid-Like Compound in Radula marginata", "Radula Marginata (Perrottetinene) - TripMe Forums - Life | Drugs | Music | Knowledge", http://www.tripme.co.nz/forums/showthread.php?t=1943, "Uncovering the psychoactivity of a cannabinoid from liverworts associated with a legal high", https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Radula_marginata&oldid=2768196. Researchers think cannabis developed trichomes around 27 million years ago. 8 Non-Cannabis Plants That Contain Therapeutic Cannabinoids, Cannabis Compounds Found to Remove Toxic Alzheimers Proteins From the Brain, Indoor Air Purifying Plants For Your Home or Office, Top Scientists Unlock New Medical Marijuana Benefits, These 5 Indoor Plants Fight Sadness and Are Proven To Make You Happier, 10 Plants For Your Bedroom That Will Improve Sleep Quality And Diminish Insomnia, Here Are 6 Tasty Recipes You Can Make With Cannabis, 10 Foods That Cause Chronic Inflammation and Trigger Pain, Fatigue, Bloating + More, How to Eliminate Toxins From Fat Cells That Are Making You Fatigued and Swollen, This One Stretch Relieves Plantar Fasciitis, Shin Splints, Achilles Pain, and Heel Pain, Latest Sunscreen Recall Raises Concern Over Chemicals, How to Plant Lemongrass to Repel Mosquitoes. There is a catch. BCP has been found to increase longevity, improve stroke outcome, protect the cardiovascular system and brain, help prevent Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease, as well as reduce depression and anxiety. [5] The absolute configuration of perrottetinene was established in 2008 by an enantioselective total synthesis. Chicca, A.; Schafroth, M. A.; Reynoso-Moreno, I.; Erni, R.; Petrucci, V.; Carreira, E. M.; Gertsch, J. Doing so will result in charges for drug trafficking, which is a serious federal felony punishable by up to 5 years in jail and $250,000 in fines if youre caught with less than 50 kg of marijuana or fewer than 50 plants. Endocannbinoids endorphin-like effects last a few brief minutestheir metabolites are released at the same time they are. Users smoking the plant have experienced barely-discernible to Its dried form is used for making herbal products such as incense and liquid extract. ), Extraction Process Overview (Derivatives and their Processes), Strategic End Product Market Opportunities, Top 10 Questions (and Answers) from the Experts, Chapter 7: Cannabis and Hemp Extraction Methods, The Ultimate Guide to Cannabis Extraction. As soon as heat hits it, the material liquefies. Cannabis produces an incredible spectrum of chemistry in every flower, and THC and CBD are the most commonly produced of the cannabinoids. CB1 receptors are found most abundantly in the brain and spinal cord (theyre also the receptors that interact with THC to get people high), but can also be found in different parts of the body. Counseling is offered by trained Quit Coaches in combination with nicotine replacement therapy or medication prescribed by healthcare providers. WebWhen mature, the leaves are broad and oblong to tongue-shaped. Hussain, Tajammul; Plunkett, Blue; Ejaz, Mahwish; Espley, Richard V.; Kayser, Oliver (2018). The following resources are available. But until recently, no study with this approach had been conducted. Despite its significant potential as an However, with this legal form of cannabinoid, the FDA will be able to test and understand its effects and apply it to medical research. Cannabinoid receptors on the surface of cells It does, however, bind to the serotonin receptor 5-HT1A. It has been found to contain cannabinoids. Did President Bidens Medical Cannabis Research Act Actually Help Anything? WebGet to know the radula, the plant that may be the marijuana of the future! WebPerrottetinene is a naturally occurring cannabinoid compound found in liverworts from the genus Radula native to Japan, New Zealand and Costa Rica, namely Radula perrottetii, Radula marginata and Radula laxiramea, [1] [2] along with a number of similar compounds. Radula marginata has a long history of traditional use. In the archipelago, the plant is historically used as rongo traditional Maori medicine, based on the properties of herbs. Getting caught with over four ounces but less than one pound is a Class 3 misdemeanor punishable by a $500 fine. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. I recommend buying CBD oil online for the same reason I recommend getting your delta-8 products from online retailers more options to vet your suppliers and lower prices. The brand offers a similar product line-up to Area 52, featuring tinctures, edibles, and vape pens. It is endemic to New Zealand. No smokable marijuana forms are available for patients. To survive in such harsh conditions, a plant would need to develop a way to prevent evaporation and protect itself from UV damage. State law protects delta-8 products, making them available for all Virginians aged 21+. Jamesoniella kirkii yielded three known ent-isopimarane and two ent-kaurane diterpenoids. and there's nothing that can explain a positive effect from a poorly conducted bioassay Well, it's been four years and I haven't seen any proof, but I wouldn't be so dismissive now. Theres no shortage of fly-by-night companies that are looking to capitalize on the booming market by taking advantage of unaware customers. If youre interested in extracting minor cannabinoids from plant material, be prepared to go through an enormous amount of biomass, and an enormous amount of research, to make it worth it. Several plants other than marijuana are known to have cannabinoids, but cannabis is the only one that contains THC. As professionals are inclined to study the nature of the plant further, scientists have established that Radula Marginata can be used as an. Radula marginata, or Wairuakohu, is a species of plant in the genus Radula,[1] a genus of liverworts. Delta-8 THC has a double bond at the eighth carbon chain, while for delta-9 THC, this bond is located at the ninth chain. [2][3] It has been found to contain cannabinoids. In the last few years, breeders cracked the code on cannabis plants that retained CBG as they matured and now it is fast becoming a highly-sought after cannabinoid because of possible therapeutic effects without the user feeling high. WebRadula marginata (Wairuakohu) is a species of plant in genus Radula, a genus of liverworts. As legalization has slowly crept its way across the country and the world researchers have discovered some interesting things about THC. When anandamide levels are messed up, one could end up with mental health disorders from schizophrenia to depression (2). Theres evidence of hemp cultivation in Japan from about 8,000 BCE. The composition of Radula Marginata is such that it has the same effects as the complex ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) present in. High doses can get you high, altering your thinking patterns, boosting your appetite, inducing euphoria and giggles, and making you more aware of your inner self and your surroundings. Radula contains perrotinolene, a variant of psychoactive THC, with similar effects, biochemist Jrg Gertsch, a professor at the University of Bern and one of the authors of the study, told BBC News Brazil. Yes, marijuana is legal in Virginia for both recreational and medical use. In 1998, Italian researcher Vincent Di Marzo summed up the effects of the ECS by saying it was responsible for regulating relaxing, eating, sleeping, forgetting, and protecting. And that just scratches the surface. Cannabis has long been used as a therapeutic and recreational tool. Adults 21 or older may legally purchase up to four ounces of cannabis. Perrottetineinic acid is an unusual type of cannabinoid produced by the liverwort plant indigenous to New Zealand. Abnormal Painted Turtles are
Robert Hart Obituary Arizona,
Brookfield, Il Police Reports,
How To Defer A Ticket In King County,
Snow In Western Nebraska Today,
Erin Napier Political Views,
Articles S