Parts of the City Centre have been redeveloped under a masterplan called the Unification of Archeological Sites of Athens, which has also gathered funding from the EU to help enhance the project. Line 3 (Blue Line) runs from Nikaia station, through the central Monastiraki and Syntagma stations to Doukissis Plakentias avenue in the northeastern suburb of Halandri. The city began as a small community of the Mycenaean Civilization (c. 1700-1100 BCE . Thus, the Old Royal Palace was the first important public building to be built, between 1836 and 1843. Line 1 (Green Line) serves 24 stations, and is the oldest line of the Athens metro network. The Embassy of France in Vasilissis Sofias Avenue. [3] Athens and Piraeus municipalities serve as the two metropolitan centres of the Athens Metropolitan Area. In Athens 27.30% of the population is Black. The municipality (Center) of Athens is the most populous in Greece, with a population of 643,452 people (in 2021)[3] and an area of 38.96km2 (15.04sqmi),[17] forming the core of the Athens Urban Area within the Attica Basin. Demographics of Greece. Its largest annual population increase was 1.7% between 2014 and 2015. There are transfer connections with the Blue Line 3 at Monastiraki station and with the Red Line 2 at Omonia and Attiki stations. (000, 2021) 3 154.2 c,b: UN membership date : 25-Oct-45: Surface area (km2) 131 957 b: Sex ratio (m per 100 f) 96.4 a: National currency : . [164], In 2008, it was reported that most of the Olympic venues had fallen into disrepair: according to those reports, 21 of the 22 facilities built for the games had either been left abandoned or are in a state of dereliction, with several squatter camps having sprung up around certain facilities, and a number of venues afflicted by vandalism, graffiti or strewn with rubbish. The revival of the modern Olympic Games was brought forth in 1896, by Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin. [28] In classical literature, the city was sometimes referred to as the City of the Violet Crown, first documented in Pindar's (iostphanoi Athnai), or as (t kleinn sty, "the glorious city"). Other universities that lie within Athens are the Athens University of Economics and Business, the Panteion University, the Agricultural University of Athens and the University of Piraeus. The city is also the setting for the Demokritos laboratory for Archaeometry, alongside regional and national archaeological authorities forming part of the Greek Department of Culture. The metro area population of Athens in 2020 was 3,153,000, a 0.03% decline from 2019. In this era, the first Christian churches were built in Athens, and the Parthenon and other temples were converted into churches. The municipality (City) of Athens is also the capital of the Attica region. [140], Athens is served by the Athens International Airport (ATH), located near the town of Spata, in the eastern Messoghia plain, some 35km (22mi) east of center of Athens. [citation needed] The urban area of Athens proper (excluding the port of Piraeus) covered less than a thousandth of the area of the city-state, though its population density was of course far higher: modern estimates for the population of the built-up area tend to indicate around 3545,000 inhabitants, though density of occupation, household size and whether there was a significant suburban population beyond the walls remain uncertain. [citation needed], Following the Greek War of Independence and the establishment of the Greek Kingdom, Athens was chosen as the capital of the newly independent Greek state in 1834, largely because of historical and sentimental reasons. Population Growth 2000-2021; 1556: Perrysburg 25,114 42.2% 1561: Barberton 24,983 . These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the UN World Urbanization Prospects. [163], The 2004 Games were judged a success, as both security and organization worked well, and only a few visitors reported minor problems mainly concerning accommodation issues. The first King of Greece, Otto of Bavaria, commissioned the architects Stamatios Kleanthis and Eduard Schaubert to design a modern city plan fit for the capital of a state. Notable actors of Greek operettas, who made also a series of melodies and songs popular at the time, include Orestis Makris, the Kalouta sisters, Vasilis Avlonitis, Afroditi Laoutari, Eleni Papadaki, Marika Nezer, Marika Krevata and others. 2015. In Ancient Greek, the name of the city was (Athnai, pronounced[atnai] in Classical Attic) a plural. [34] Unlike other Mycenaean centers, such as Mycenae and Pylos, it is not known whether Athens suffered destruction in about 1200BCE, an event often attributed to a Dorian invasion, and the Athenians always maintained that they were pure Ionians with no Dorian element. Notable composers of operettas or nocturnes were Kostas Giannidis, Dionysios Lavrangas, Nikos Hatziapostolou, while Theophrastos Sakellaridis' The Godson remains probably the most popular operetta. There are 74.11 thousand births in Greece in 2021. The Athens Suburban Railway, referred to as the Proastiakos, connects Athens International Airport to the city of Kiato, 106km (66mi)[136] west of Athens, via Larissa station, the city's central rail station and the port of Piraeus. The Athens Metropolitan Area consists of 58[89] densely populated municipalities, sprawling around the Municipality of Athens (the City Centre) in virtually all directions. The Municipality of Athens, the City Centre of the Athens Urban Area, is divided into several districts: Omonoia, Syntagma, Exarcheia, Agios Nikolaos, Neapolis, Lykavittos, Lofos Strefi, Lofos Finopoulou, Lofos Filopappou, Pedion Areos, Metaxourgeio, Aghios Kostantinos, Larissa Station, Kerameikos, Psiri, Monastiraki, Gazi, Thission, Kapnikarea, Aghia Irini, Aerides, Anafiotika, Plaka, Acropolis, Pnyka, Makrygianni, Lofos Ardittou, Zappeion, Aghios Spyridon, Pangrati, Kolonaki, Dexameni, Evaggelismos, Gouva, Aghios Ioannis, Neos Kosmos, Koukaki, Kynosargous, Fix, Ano Petralona, Kato Petralona, Rouf, Votanikos, Profitis Daniil, Akadimia Platonos, Kolonos, Kolokynthou, Attikis Square, Lofos Skouze, Sepolia, Kypseli, Aghios Meletios, Nea Kypseli, Gyzi, Polygono, Ampelokipoi, Panormou-Gerokomeio, Pentagono, Ellinorosson, Nea Filothei, Ano Kypseli, Tourkovounia-Lofos Patatsou, Lofos Elikonos, Koliatsou, Thymarakia, Kato Patisia, Treis Gefyres, Aghios Eleftherios, Ano Patisia, Kypriadou, Menidi, Prompona, Aghios Panteleimonas, Pangrati, Goudi, Vyronas and Ilisia. By the late 1970s, the pollution of Athens had become so destructive that according to the then Greek Minister of Culture, Constantine Trypanis, "the carved details on the five the caryatids of the Erechtheum had seriously degenerated, while the face of the horseman on the Parthenon's west side was all but obliterated. In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021: 55.4%: In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021: 54.6%: Total accommodation and food services sales, 2017 ($1,000) New Historical Highs . Two main motorways of Greece begin in Athens, namely the A1/E75, heading north towards Greece's second largest city, Thessaloniki; and the border crossing of Evzones and the A8/E94 heading west, towards Greece's third largest city, Patras, which incorporated the GR-8A. Number of visitors to Athens in 2019. In Athens 63.78% of the population is White. [citation needed], In 1922, following the war, genocide and later population exchange suffered by the Greek population of Asia Minor, many ethnic Greeks fled to Athens. As of the 2011 census, the population for each of the seven municipal districts of Athens is as follows:[101]. [157] In 2018 Athens was designated as the World Book Capital by UNESCO.[158]. 24, Issue 12, pp.12961302. "Assessing the thermal environment of major cities in Greece". The regional units of Central Athens, North Athens, South Athens, West Athens and Piraeus with part of East[95] and West Attica[96] regional units combined make up the continuous Athens Urban Area,[96][97][98] also called the "Urban Area of the Capital" or simply "Athens" (the most common use of the term), spanning over 412km2 (159sqmi),[99] with a population of 3,059,764 people as of 2021. The coastal suburbs of Microlimano, Alimos and Glyfada include many tavernas, beach bars and busy summer clubs. [100] There are also some inter-municipal centres serving specific areas. The city also ranked 35th in Digital Security, 21st on Health Security, 29th on Infrastructure Security and 41st on Personal Security globally in a 2017 The Economist Intelligence Unit report. Iakovides, S. 1962. Parnitha National Park is punctuated by well-marked paths, gorges, springs, torrents and caves dotting the protected area. The length of Athens's commuter rail network extends to 120km (75mi),[136] and is expected to stretch to 281km (175mi) by 2010. Attica region population: 6,4 million. The metro area population of Athens in 2021 was 3,153,000, a 0% increase from 2020. Line 2 (Red Line) runs from Anthoupoli station to Elliniko station and covers a distance of 17.5km (10.9mi). "On the impact of urban climate on the energy consumption of buildings". Casinos operate on both Mount Parnitha, some 25km (16mi)[92] from downtown Athens (accessible by car or cable car), and the nearby town of Loutraki (accessible by car via the Athens Corinth National Highway, or the Athens Suburban Railway). [132] It then ascends to ground level and continues to Athens International Airport Eleftherios Venizelos using the suburban railway infrastructure, extending its total length to 39km (24mi). [25][26] Cecrops accepted this gift[25] and declared Athena the patron goddess of Athens. [61] The urban heat island of the city has also been found to be partially responsible for alterations of the climatological temperature time-series of specific Athens meteorological stations, because of its effect on the temperatures and the temperature trends recorded by some meteorological stations. [32][33] By 1400BCE, the settlement had become an important centre of the Mycenaean civilization, and the Acropolis was the site of a major Mycenaean fortress, whose remains can be recognised from sections of the characteristic Cyclopean walls. (2011). [el] (Kolonos), football club founded in 1919 with short presence in Gamma Ethniki, Athinais Kypselis[el] (Kypseli), football club founded in 1938 with short presence in Gamma Ethniki, Gyziakos[el] (Gyzi), basketball club founded in 1937 with short presence in Beta Ethniki basketball and Aetos B.C. The University of West Attica is the second largest university in Athens. Access the most recent census population information for Athens, Texas, including a population profile and history. In Athens 4.41% of the population is Asian. Users should exercise caution when comparing 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates to other ACS estimates. Athens is home to three European multi-sport clubs: Panathinaikos, originated in Athens city centre, Olympiacos, originated in the suburb of Piraeus and AEK Athens, originated in the suburb of Nea Filadelfeia. United Nations - World Population Prospects, Athens, Greece Metro Area Population 1950-2023, The current metro area population of Athens in 2023 is, The metro area population of Athens in 2022 was, The metro area population of Athens in 2021 was, The metro area population of Athens in 2020 was. 745752. As a result, Athens has more than a dozen archaeological libraries and three specialized archaeological laboratories, and is the venue of several hundred specialized lectures, conferences and seminars, as well as dozens of archaeological exhibitions each year. Retrieved 2 June 2014. During the 1920s a number of Greek refugees, expelled from Asia Minor after the Greco-Turkish War and Greek genocide, swelled Athens's population; nevertheless it was most particularly following World War II, and from the 1950s and 1960s, that the population of the city exploded[citation needed], and Athens experienced a gradual expansion. In the last round of voting, Athens defeated Rome with 66 votes to 41. The municipality (Center) of Athens is the most populous in Greece, with a population of 643,452 people (in 2021) [3] and an area of 38.96 km 2 (15.04 sq mi), [17] forming the core of the Athens Urban Area within the Attica Basin. In the 1950s and 1960s during the extension and development of Athens, other modern movements such as the International style played an important role. In football, Panathinaikos made it to the 1971 European Cup Final, Olympiacos have dominated domestic competitions, while AEK Athens is the other member of the big three. and Katsoulis B.D. [87], Athens is home to 148 theatrical stages, more than any other city in the world, including the ancient Odeon of Herodes Atticus, home to the Athens Festival, which runs from May to October each year. [47][48] and according to the Hellenic National Meteorological Service the Athens Basin is also the warmest area of Greece with an average annual temperature of 19.8C (67.6F). The city has also been host to sports events of international importance. Athens Population & Age Distribution Age. Beyond Athens and across the prefecture of Attica, outdoor activities include skiing, rock climbing, hang gliding and windsurfing. [156] The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, inaugurated in 2016, will house the National Library of Greece and the Greek National Opera. Furthermore, some coastal areas such as Piraeus in the Athens Riviera, have a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) according to the climate atlas published by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service. US Illinois Athens . (2001). The centre of Athens was largely rebuilt, leading to the demolition of a number of neoclassical buildings. It employs a staff of 14,000.[142]. This statistic depicts the age distribution of Greece from 2011 to 2021. Athens. Kifissos provides connections towards Peloponnese, North Greece, West Greece and some Ionian Islands, whereas Liosion is used for most of Central Greece. After the Fourth Crusade the Duchy of Athens was established. Athens, TX is home to a population of 12.7k people, from which 91.5% are citizens. The Temple of Olympian Zeus with river Ilisos by Edward Dodwell, 1821. The architects of this era employed materials such as glass, marble and aluminium, and many blended modern and classical elements. [24] Modern scholars now generally agree that the goddess takes her name from the city,[24] because the ending -ene is common in names of locations, but rare for personal names.[24]. [30][pageneeded] In Ottoman Turkish, it was called .mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean} tn,[31] and in modern Turkish, it is Atina. The port of Piraeus, where big investments by COSCO have already been delivered during the recent decade, the completion of the new Cargo Centre in Thriasion,[125] the expansion of the Athens Metro and the Athens Tram, as well as the Hellenikon metropolitan park redevelopment in Elliniko and other urban projects, are the economic landmarks of the upcoming years. "[40] A series of measures taken by the authorities of the city throughout the 1990s resulted in the improvement of air quality; the appearance of smog (or nefos as the Athenians used to call it) has become less common. [citation needed] At the time, after the extensive destruction it had suffered during the war of independence, it was reduced to a town of about 4,000 people (less than half its earlier population) in a loose swarm of houses along the foot of the Acropolis. Athens has been a destination for travellers since antiquity. . In 2000, the Organising Committee's president was replaced by Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, who was the president of the original Bidding Committee in 1997. The Athens Mass Transit System consists of a large bus and trolleybus fleet, the city's Metro, a Suburban Railway service[128] and a tram network, connecting the southern suburbs to the city centre. Athens is a major national hub for Intercity (Ktel) and international buses, as well as for domestic and international rail transport. In comparison, Greece's overall population density is 200 people per square kilometer. . [49] With an average of 433 millimetres (17.0in) of yearly precipitation, rainfall occurs largely between the months of October and April. Greece ranks number 87 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. Greece is ranked 87th in terms of population and 225th in terms of population growth rate. Athens is the country's major transportation hub. The resulting tensions brought about the Peloponnesian War (431404BCE), in which Athens was defeated by its rival Sparta. Greece population is equivalent to 0.13% of the total world population. [12] In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. Census data for Athens-Clarke County, GA Metro Area (pop. Also to be found is the Pedion tou Areos (Field of Mars) of 27.7 hectares, near the National Archaeological Museum. In 2023, Athens' surrounding metropolitan area had a population of 3.1 million. New York-Newark-Jersey City metro area population in the U.S. 2010-2021 Boston-Cambridge-Newton metro area population in the U.S. 2010-2021 Soviet Union population 1970-1989, by gender By this process Athens has engulfed many former suburbs and villages in Attica, and continues to do so. For the greatest part of the 19th century Neoclassicism dominated Athens, as well as some deviations from it such as Eclecticism, especially in the early 20th century. Solar Energy, 70 (3): pp. The Athens Municipality forms the core and center of Greater Athens, which in its turn consists of the Athens Municipality and 40 more municipalities, divided in four regional units (Central, North, South and West Athens), accounting for 2,611,713 people (in 2021)[3] within an area of 361km2 (139sqmi). Athens lies 5 miles (8 km) from the Bay of Phaleron, an inlet of the Aegean (Aigaon) Sea where Piraeus (Piraivs), the port of Athens . The Athens urban area spreads over 50 kilometres (31mi) from Agios Stefanos in the north to Varkiza in the south. Persons with language other than English spoken at home * ACS 2021 5-year data. Nikos Gounaris was probably the most renowned composer and singer of this time. Piraeus also forms a significant city centre on its own,[93] within the Athens Urban Area and it is the second largest in population size within it. The incumbent Mayor of Athens is Kostas Bakoyannis of New Democracy. The largest and oldest university in Athens is the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. Athens is the hottest city in mainland Europe [25] In both versions, Athena offered the Athenians the first domesticated olive tree. Pop. 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014. The municipality is divided into seven municipal districts which are mainly used for administrative purposes. During the first three years of preparations, the International Olympic Committee had expressed concern over the speed of construction progress for some of the new Olympic venues. "Evolution of the air temperature in Athens and evidence of climatic change: A review". of the 10th International Conference on Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics, Patras, Greece, 2528 May 2010, pp. However, Athens, like many other Bronze Age settlements, went into economic decline for around 150 years afterwards. Alongside national academic institutions, such as the Athens University and the Archaeological Society, it is home to multiple archaeological museums, taking in the National Archaeological Museum, the Cycladic Museum, the Epigraphic Museum, the Byzantine & Christian Museum, as well as museums at the ancient Agora, Acropolis, Kerameikos, and the Kerameikos Archaeological Museum. [21] Athens joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016. : ) and the songs performed on stage ( 'theatrical revue songs') in revues, musical comedies, operettas and nocturnes that were dominating Athens' theatre scene. As an example, Ioannina receives around 1,300mm (51in) per year, and Agrinio around 800mm (31in) per year. [136], The Athens Tram is operated by STASY S.A (Statheres Sygkoinonies S.A), a subsidiary company of OASA (Athens urban transport organisation). [citation needed] Athens expanded its settlement in the second half of the Middle Byzantine Period, in the ninth to tenth centuries AD, and was relatively prosperous during the Crusades, benefiting from Italian trade. The population density in Greece is 81 per Km 2 (209 people per mi 2 ). 'E mykenake akropolis ton Athenon'. (2006). Localities with a great number of such buildings include Kolonaki, and some areas of the centre of the city; neighbourhoods developed in this period include Kypseli.[148]. Globalization and World Cities Research Network, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Names of European cities in different languages (A), Learn how and when to remove this template message, 47.5C and over in four different locations, Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport, List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece, New Athens Township, St. Clair County, Illinois, Athens Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, Athens Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, Athens International Airport Eleftherios Venizelos, Athens University of Economics and Business, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Centre, "Athens and Jerusalem: City of Reason, City of Faith", "Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 Greece", "Contents and Principles of the Programme of Unification of the Archaeological Sites of Athens", "Greece uncovers 'holy grail' of Greek archeology", "Athens, Greece Metro Area Population 1950-2023", "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. The ancient site of the main city is centred on the rocky hill of the acropolis. The northern suburbs tend to be wetter and cooler in winter, whereas the southern suburbs are some of the driest locations in Greece and record very high minimum temperatures in summer. Both composers have achieved fame abroad for their composition of film scores.[159]. [20] The dominant feature of Athens' climate is alternation between prolonged hot and dry summers and mild, wetter winters with moderate rainfall. Athens' Metropolitan Area is served by the motorway network of the Attiki Odos toll-motorway (code: A6). [159] Greece's most notable, and internationally famous, composers of Greek song, mainly of the entechno form, are Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis. (1985). The heritage of the Classical Era is still evident in the city, represented by ancient monuments, and works of art, the most famous of all being the Parthenon, considered a key landmark of early Western civilization. [citation needed] The playwrights Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides flourished in Athens during this time, as did the historians Herodotus and Thucydides, the physician Hippocrates, and the philosopher Socrates. Rankings Top Movers. Nevertheless, air pollution still remains an issue for Athens, particularly during the hottest summer days. Kassomenos P.A. A fleet of 42 trains, using 252 carriages, operates on the network,[132] with a daily occupancy of 1,353,000 passengers.[133]. Athens is currently growing at a rate of 0.44% annually and its population has increased by 1.34% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 14,084 in 2020. [50] However, places like Elliniko, which are classified as hot semi-arid (BSh) because of the low annual rainfall, have not recorded temperatures as high as other places in the city. Neoclassicism, the international style of this epoch, was the architectural style through which Bavarian, French and Greek architects such as Hansen, Klenze, Boulanger or Kaftantzoglou designed the first important public buildings of the new capital. An estimate based on Thucydides is 40,000 male citizens, 100,000 family members, 70,000 metics (resident foreigners) and 150,000-400,000 slaves, though modern historians again hesitate to take such high numbers at face value, most estimates now preferring a total in the 200350,000 range. The decades that followed became known as the Golden Age of Athenian democracy, during which time Athens became the leading city of Ancient Greece, with its cultural achievements laying the foundations for Western civilization. [52][53][54] Due to the large area covered by Athens Metropolitan Area, there are notable climatic differences between parts of the urban conglomeration. Kouremenos, Anna (2022). [27] Athenians were called cicada-wearers (Ancient Greek: ) because they used to wear pins of golden cicadas. Other forms of song popular today in Greece are elafrolaika, entechno, dimotika, and skyladika. Athens sprawls across the central plain of Attica that is often referred to as the Athens Basin or the Attica Basin (Greek: /). In 1896, the city had a population of 123,000[105] and the event helped boost the city's international profile. [16], The Municipality of Athens (also City of Athens), which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire urban area, had a population of 643,452 (in 2021)[3] within its official limits, and a land area of 38.96km2 (15.04sqmi). In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021: 57.0%: In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021: 47.0%: Total accommodation and food services sales, 2017 ($1,000) Athens Municipality is the largest in population size in Greece. The major waste management efforts undertaken in the last decade (particularly the plant built on the small island of Psytalia) have greatly improved water quality in the Saronic Gulf, and the coastal waters of Athens are now accessible again to swimmers. Hiking and mountain-biking in all four mountains are popular outdoor activities for residents of the city. The area has been redeveloped according to a design by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, with steel arches, landscaped gardens, fountains, futuristic glass, and a landmark new blue glass roof which was added to the main stadium.
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